UK txoj kev tsim hluav taws xob fusion tau coj los ua ke nrog kev tshaj tawm ntawm STEP (Spherical Tokamak for Energy Production) qhov kev pab cuam hauv 2019. Nws thawj theem (2019-2024) tau xaus nrog kev tso tawm lub tswv yim tsim rau fusion prototype powerplant. Nws yuav ua raws li kev siv magnetic teb rau confining plasma siv tokamak tshuab txawm li cas los UK's STEP yuav siv ib tug spherical tokamak es tsis txhob tsoos donut zoo li tokamak siv ntawm ITER. Ib tug spherical tokamak yog xav kom muaj ntau yam zoo. Cov nroj tsuag yuav tsim nyob rau hauv Nottinghamshire thiab xav tias yuav ua haujlwm nyob rau thaum ntxov 2040s.
Qhov kev xav tau ntawm lub zog huv si tuaj yeem ua kom tau raws li qhov xav tau ntawm lub zog loj zuj zus ntawm cov neeg coob coob thiab kev lag luam hauv ntiaj teb uas tuaj yeem pab tau sai sai (ua los ntawm cov fossil fuels, carbon emissions thiab kev hloov huab cua, ib puag ncig txaus ntshai cuam tshuam nrog nuclear fission reactors, thiab cov neeg pluag. scalability ntawm cov khoom txuas ntxiv dua tshiab) yeej tsis tau hnov zoo li lub sijhawm tam sim no.
Nyob rau hauv qhov xwm txheej, nuclear fusion powers hnub qub nrog rau peb lub hnub uas tshwm sim nyob rau hauv lub hauv paus ntawm lub hnub qub uas fusion tej yam kev mob (viz. tsis tshua muaj kub kub nyob rau hauv thaj tsam ntawm pua pua lab degree centigrade thiab siab) yeej. Muaj peev xwm tsim cov kev tswj fusion hauv lub ntiaj teb yog qhov tseem ceeb rau lub zog huv huv tsis txwv. Qhov no suav nrog kev tsim cov fusion ib puag ncig nrog qhov kub siab heev los ua rau muaj kev sib tsoo muaj zog, uas muaj cov plasma txaus kom muaj qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev sib tsoo thiab uas tuaj yeem txwv cov ntshav rau lub sijhawm txaus los pab kom fusion. Obviously, infrastructure thiab thev naus laus zis los txwv thiab tswj cov ntshav plasma superheated yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev lag luam kev lag luam ntawm fusion zog. Cov kev sib txawv tau raug tshawb nrhiav thiab siv thoob plaws ntiaj teb rau kev kaw ntshav plasma rau kev ua lag luam kom paub txog lub zog fusion.
Inertial Confinement Fusion (ICF)
Nyob rau hauv inertial fusion mus kom ze, fusion tej yam kev mob yog tsim los ntawm ceev ceev compressing thiab cua sov ib tug me me ntawm fusion roj. Lub National Ignition Facility (NIF) ntawm Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) siv cov txheej txheem laser-driven implosion rau implode capsules uas muaj cov roj deuterium-tritium siv cov kab hluav taws xob siab. NIF tau ua tiav fusion ignition thawj zaug nyob rau lub Kaum Ob Hlis 2022. Tom qab ntawd, fusion ignition tau tshwm sim nyob rau hauv peb lub sij hawm nyob rau hauv 2023 uas tau lees paub cov pov thawj ntawm lub tswv yim hais tias tswj nuclear fusion tuaj yeem siv los ua kom tau raws li qhov xav tau ntawm lub zog.
Magnetic confinement ntawm plasma mus kom ze
Kev siv cov hlau nplaum kom kaw thiab tswj cov ntshav rau fusion yog raug sim nyob rau ntau qhov chaw. IITER, lub siab tshaj plaws fusion zog kev koom tes ntawm 35 lub teb chaws raws li nyob rau hauv St. Paul-lez-Durance nyob rau yav qab teb Fabkis siv ib lub nplhaib torus (los yog donut magnetic ntaus ntawv) hu ua tokamak uas yog tsim los kaw fusion roj rau lub sij hawm ntev ntawm qhov kub txaus rau fusion ignition los ua qhov chaw. Lub tswv yim ua plasma confinement rau fusion fais fab nroj tsuag, tokamaks tuaj yeem khaws cov tshuaj tiv thaiv fusion mus ntev li ntev tau yog tias muaj plasma stability. ITER's tokamak yuav yog lub ntiaj teb loj tshaj plaws.
UK's STEP (Spherical Tokamak rau Kev Tsim Hluav Taws Xob) Fusion Program:
Zoo li ITER, STEP fusion program ntawm United Kingdom yog raws li kev sib nqus ntawm cov ntshav plasma siv tokamak. Txawm li cas los xij, tokamak ntawm STEP qhov kev pab cuam yuav kheej kheej kheej kheej (tsis yog ITER's donut shaped). Ib tug spherical tokamak yog compact, nqi zoo thiab tej zaum yuav yooj yim rau scale.
STEP txoj haujlwm tau tshaj tawm hauv 2019. Nws thawj theem (2019-2024) tau xaus nrog kev tso tawm lub tswv yim tsim rau kev sib koom ua ke fusion prototype powerplant.
Ib qho teeb meem ntawm Philosophical Transactions A ntawm Royal Society, hu ua "Kev xa tawm Fusion Zog - Lub Tokomak Spherical rau Kev Tsim Hluav Taws Xob (STEP)” suav nrog 15 cov ntaub ntawv tshuaj xyuas cov neeg sib tw tau luam tawm rau 26 Lub Yim Hli 2024 uas qhia txog cov kev kawm tau zoo ntawm qhov kev pab cuam los tsim thiab tsim UK thawj cov qauv cog los tsim hluav taws xob los ntawm fusion. Cov ntaub ntawv khaws cov snapshot ua tiav ntawm cov qauv tsim thiab cov txheej txheem thev naus laus zis uas xav tau thiab lawv cov kev koom ua ke rau hauv cov qauv tsim los ntawm thaum ntxov 2040s.
STEP qhov kev pab cuam lub hom phiaj los ua txoj hauv kev rau kev lag luam muaj txiaj ntsig ntawm fusion los ntawm kev ua kom pom lub zog ntawm lub zog, roj tus kheej txaus thiab txoj hauv kev siv tau rau kev saib xyuas cov nroj tsuag. Nws yuav siv ib txoj hauv kev kom xa cov qauv ua haujlwm tag nrho uas tseem txiav txim siab decommissioning raws li ib feem ntawm kev tsim.
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References:
- UK tsoom fwv. Xovxwm tshaj tawm - UK ua lub ntiaj teb nyob rau hauv fusion powerplant tsim. Published 03 September 2024. Muaj nyob ntawm https://www.gov.uk/government/news/uk-leading-the-world-in-fusion-powerplant-design
- 'Delivering Fusion Energy – Spherical Tokamak for Energy Production (STEP). Themeed Royal Society ib tsab ntawm Philosophical Transactions A,. Tag nrho 15 cov lus tshuaj xyuas hauv cov ntsiab lus tau tshaj tawm rau 26 Lub Yim Hli 2024. Muaj nyob ntawm https://royalsocietypublishing.org/toc/rsta/2024/382/2280
- Cov kws tshawb fawb UK nthuav tawm qhov pom ntawm kev tsim qauv tshiab fusion fais fab nroj tsuag. Kev tshawb fawb. 4 Cuaj hlis 2024. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1126/science.zvexp8a
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Lwm yam khoom
- Brown Dwarfs (BDs): James Webb Telescope Qhia Txog Yam Tsawg tshaj plaws tsim nyob rau hauv lub hnub qub zoo li (5 Lub Ib Hlis 2024)
- 'Fusion Ignition' tau pom plaub zaug ntawm Lawrence Laboratory (20 Hlis ntuj nqeg 2023)
- Fusion Ignition dhau los ua Qhov Tseeb; Zog Breakeven Tau Txais ntawm Lawrence Laboratory (15 Hlis ntuj nqeg 2022)
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 programme in 2019. Its first phase (2019-2024) has come to an end with the release of a concept design for the integrated fusion prototype powerplant. It will be based on use of magnetic field for confining plasma using tokamak machine however UK’s STEP will use a spherical tokamak instead of traditional doughnut shaped tokamak being used at ITER. A spherical tokamak is thought to have several advantages. The plant will be built in Nottinghamshire and is expected to be operational in the early 2040s.){kind=link}