Hauv kev tshawb fawb tsis ntev los no, cov kws tshawb fawb tau tsim thawj zaug ib qho kev tswj hwm tus kheej nanorobotic system tshwj xeeb rau kev mob qog noj ntshav.
Nyob rau hauv ib qho kev nce qib loj hauv nanomedicine, thaj chaw uas ua ke nrog nanotechnology nrog tshuaj, cov kws tshawb fawb tau tsim txoj hauv kev tshiab ntawm kev kho mob uas siv cov me me, molecule-loj nanoparticles (tshuab lossis neeg hlau uas nyob ze rau lub microscopic nplai ntawm nanometer 10-9m) rau. phiaj cancer, nyob rau hauv no zoo kawg li kev tshawb fawb luam tawm nyob rau hauv Xwm Biotechnology.
DNA origami nanobot: cov khawv koob transporter
DNA origami yog ib txoj kev uas DNA yog folded nyob rau hauv ib tug nanoscale theem thiab yog siv los tsim active lug ntawm lub me me teev (origami raws li nyob rau hauv daim duab ntawm daim ntawv folding). DNA yog qhov zoo khaws cov ntaub ntawv thiab yog li cov qauv tsim tawm ntawm nws tuaj yeem siv los ua cov ntaub ntawv nqa. Nyob rau hauv txoj kab nrog lub peev xwm no, cov DNA nanoparticles (los yog 'DNA nanorobots' los yog 'nanorobots' los yog yooj yim 'nanobots') tuaj yeem txav thiab nqa cov khoom ntawm qhov me me rau cov haujlwm tshwj xeeb hauv tib neeg lub cev thiab yog li tsim nyog rau ntau yam. nanorobotic daim ntawv thov. Qhov loj ntawm xws li nanobot yog 1000 npaug me dua li tib neeg cov plaub hau. Lub teb ntawm nanorobotics no tau ua rau muaj kev zoo siab rau ob xyoo dhau los thiab ntau tus kws tshaj lij tau tsom mus rau kev tsim cov qauv nanoscale raws li DNA uas tuaj yeem quav lawv tus kheej mus rau txhua hom duab thiab ntau thiab tsawg los hloov kho tshuaj tshwj xeeb tshaj yog kev kho mob thiab kev xa tshuaj.
Nanorobot thev naus laus zis tam sim no tau siv dav thiab twb tau hloov pauv ntau yam xws li kev kho mob duab, khoom siv, sensors, lub zog thiab cov tshuaj. Hauv cov tshuaj, nanobotshave qhov txiaj ntsig tseem ceeb feem ntau vim tias lawv tsis tsim cov kev ua ub no tsis zoo, tsis muaj kev phiv tshwm sim thiab yog qhov tshwj xeeb heev hauv qhov chaw hauv lub cev lawv yuav tsom thiab ua haujlwm rau. Tus nqi pib ntawm kev loj hlob ntawm nanorobots tej zaum yuav siab tab sis kev tsim khoom thaum ua los ntawm cov txheej txheem ntawm kev ua batch txo tus nqi mus rau qhov zoo. Tsis tas li ntawd, qhov loj me me ntawm nanorobots ua rau lawv zoo tagnrho rau kev tsom cov kab mob thiab kab mob. Tsis tas li ntawd, ib qho nanorobot me me tuaj yeem txhaj tshuaj tau yooj yim heev rau hauv lub cev thiab nws yooj yim ntab los ntawm cov ntshav (cov hlab ntshav) thiab pab txhawm rau txheeb xyuas cov teeb meem thiab kho lawv. Nanobots tau txais ntau qhov tseem ceeb hauv kev tshawb fawb txog mob qog noj ntshav vim tias lawv tuaj yeem yog qhov tsis mob lwm txoj hauv kev kho mob uas tsis muaj kev ntxhov siab heev thiab ua rau tus kheej thiab nyiaj txiag hnyav rau tus neeg mob. Kev siv tshuaj khomob tsis yog tsuas yog kev kho mob qog noj ntshav xwb, tab sis ib sab ntawm kev tawm tsam cov qog nqaij hlav cancer, cov txheej txheem tawm ntau yam kev mob tshwm sim thoob plaws hauv lub cev. Txawm li cas los xij, kev tshawb fawb tseem tsis tau pom dua lwm txoj hauv kev kho mob rau kev kho tus kab mob no hu ua mob cancer. Nanobots muaj lub peev xwm los hloov qhov xwm txheej no nyob rau xyoo tom ntej los ntawm kev ua kom muaj txiaj ntsig zoo dua, ntse dua thiab tsom mus rau lwm txoj kev tawm tsam mob qog noj ntshav.
Hom mob qog noj ntshav
Hauv qhov kev tshawb fawb tsis ntev los no, kev sib koom tes ntawm Arizona State University, Tebchaws Asmeskas, thiab National Center for nano kev tshawb fawb thiab thev naus laus zis ntawm Tuam Tshoj Academy of Sciences, Beijing, cov kws tshawb fawb tau ua tiav tsim, tsim thiab ua tib zoo tswj automated nanobots kom nquag nrhiav thiab ua kom cov qog nqaij hlav cancer hauv lub cev - thaum tsis ua mob rau ib qho ntawm cov hlwb noj qab haus huv. Lawv tau kov yeej ntau qhov kev sib tw uas tau ua phem rau cov kws tshawb fawb nano rau ntau tshaj ob xyoo lawm, los ntawm kev tsim thiab siv lub tswv yim yooj yim thiab ncaj nraim los nrhiav thiab rhuav tshem cov qog. Lub tswv yim tshwj xeeb yog txiav tawm cov ntshav hauv cov qog cell los ntawm kev ua kom cov ntshav coagulation rau hauv cov qog cell siv DNA-based nanobots. Yog li, lawv xav txog ib yam dab tsi zoo li yooj yim - muab ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm cov ntshav txhaws enzyme (hu ua Thrombin) rau saum npoo ntawm lub tiaj tus, nanoscaled DNA origami nanobot. Qhov nruab nrab plaub molecules ntawm Thrombin tau txuas mus rau qhov chaw tiaj tus DNA Origami daim ntawv loj 90nm los ntawm 60nm. Daim ntawv tiaj tus no tau muab tais zoo li daim ntawv ua cov nanobots pwm rau hauv cov duab ntawm lub raj hollow. Cov nanobots no tau txhaj rau hauv nas (uas tau raug ntxias nrog cov qog loj hlob), lawv tau mus thoob plaws hauv cov hlab ntsha mus txog thiab khi rau nws lub hom phiaj - cov qog. txhawm rau txhaws cov ntshav hauv cov hlab ntsha uas pub cov qog loj hlob, tsim kev puas tsuaj ntawm cov qog nqaij hlav lossis cell tuag. Tag nrho cov txheej txheem no, nthuav tawm sai heev thiab cov nanobots nyob ib puag ncig cov qog hauv cov sij hawm ntawm kev txhaj tshuaj. Cov pov thawj ntawm thrombosis siab heev, nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov qog hlwb tau pom tom qab 36 teev ntawm kev txhaj tshuaj.
Tsis tas li ntawd, cov kws sau ntawv kuj tau saib xyuas suav nrog kev them nyiaj tshwj xeeb rau saum npoo ntawm nanobot (hu ua DNA aptamer) uas tshwj xeeb yuav tsom rau cov protein, hu ua nucleolin, uas yog tsim los ntawm cov nyiaj siab tsuas yog nyob rau saum npoo ntawm cov qog hlwb, yog li txo qis. Qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm nanobots puas tau tawm tsam cov hlwb noj qab haus huv mus rau xoom.Cov nanobots no tsis tsuas yog txo thiab tua cov qog hlwb tab sis kuj tiv thaiv metastasis - mob qog noj ntshav theem nrab ntawm qhov chaw nyob deb.
Kev nyab xeeb thiab kev ua tau zoo
Cov kws sau ntawv tau hais tias nanobots muaj kev nyab xeeb thiab kev tiv thaiv tsis zoo rau kev siv cov nas thiab txawm tias npua thiab kev siv nanobots pom tias tsis muaj kev hloov pauv hauv cov ntshav coagulation nyob rau lwm qhov lossis cov qauv ntawm tes lossis ib qho breechinto lub hlwb. Yog li, lawv tau raug xaiv kom muaj kev nyab xeeb thiab ua tau zoo rau kev tsom thiab txo cov qog nqaij hlav yam tsis muaj qhov tshwm sim tsis xav tau. Feem ntau ntawm cov nanobots kuj tau pom tias yog degrading thiab tshem tawm ntawm lub cev tom qab 24 teev. Txawm hais tias cov nanobots tuaj yeem tsim nyob rau hauv 'replicating nanobots'model, uas yog nkag siab kom tus nqi qis raws li ob peb daim ntawv luam thiab lwm cov nanobots yog tus kheej tsim, nws yog qhov tseeb tias qhov no yuav tsum tsuas yog siv rau hauv cov xwm txheej tshwj xeeb. . Raws li thaj tsam ntawm cov tshuaj muaj kev txhawj xeeb, ib qho kev tua neeg tsis zoo yuav tsum muaj nyob rau hauv qhov chaw thiaj li ua kom muaj xwm txheej hnyav ntawm bay. Cov tub ceev xwm yuav tsum tsim cov kev cai kom tsis txhob muaj kev siv cov nanobots hauv cov tshuaj, piv txwv li riam phom nanobots. Tag nrho cov xwm txheej thaum hnyav, qhov ua tau zoo ntawm nanobots coj peb mus rau qhov chaw uas lawv tsis tuaj yeem saib tsis tau thiab saib lawv cov peev xwm nanobots yuav yog ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm cov tshuaj yav tom ntej.
Ib txoj hauv kev zoo sib xws tuaj yeem siv rau tib neeg raws li cov kws sau ntawv tau pom tias cov kab ke no kuj tau sim ntawm tus qauv nas mob ntsws cancer thawj zaug - uas ua raws li tib neeg kev kho mob ntawm lub ntsws. cancer cov neeg mob - thiab pom tias regression oftumour tom qab kev kho ob lub lis piam. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov kev tshawb fawb no tau ua rau cov nas, thiab nyob rau hauv ob lub lis piam, qhov tshwm sim zoo sib xws ntawm cov qog nqaij hlav mis, melanoma, zes qe menyuam thiab mob ntsws cancer tau pom hauv cov tsiaj. Txoj kev tshawb no, txawm li cas los xij yuav tsum tau ua nyob rau hauv tib neeg kom paub meej tias qhov plausibility ntawm cov txiaj ntsig zoo sib xws thiab cov kev sim tshuaj muaj zog yuav tsum tau ua kom ua tiav ib yam.
Ib txoj kev ntse heev thiab tsom mus tua mob qog noj ntshav
Ib qho ntawm cov teeb meem tseem ceeb ntawm kev kho mob qog noj ntshav yog ua tib zoo thiab ua kom sib txawv ntawm cov qog nqaij hlav qog nqaij hlav thiab lub cev zoo, lub cev zoo. Txoj hauv kev zoo tshaj plaws rau shirking thiab tua cov qog hlwb - kws khomob thiab kev kho hluav taws xob - tsis ua haujlwm rau cov qog hlwb xaiv yam tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam nrog lub cev lub cev. Yog li, kev siv tshuaj khomob thiab kev kho hluav taws xob zoo li yuav ua rau muaj kev phiv loj, ob qho tib si me thiab loj, suav nrog kev puas tsuaj hauv nruab nrog cev uas ua rau muaj kev kho mob qog noj ntshav tsis zoo thiab yog li cov neeg muaj sia nyob tsawg. Nanobots xws li cov uas tau piav nyob rau hauv txoj kev tshawb no yog thawj-ntawm-nws-zoo nyob rau hauv cov tsiaj txhu uas muaj zog heev thiab muaj txiaj ntsig zoo hauv kev txheeb xyuas cov qog hlwb thiab txo qis lawv txoj kev loj hlob thiab kev loj hlob. Qhov DNA robotic system no tuaj yeem siv rau kev kho mob qog noj ntshav meej thiab tsom rau ntau hom mob qog noj ntshav, vim tias tag nrho cov qog nqaij hlav noj cov hlab ntsha yog qhov tseem ceeb tib yam.
Qhov kev tshawb fawb no tau nthuav txoj hauv kev rau yav tom ntej los pib xav thiab npaj cov tswv yim kho mob uas siv cov thev naus laus zis nce qib. Lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb ntawm kev tshawb fawb txog qog noj ntshav yog qhov ua tiav ntawm kev tshem tawm cov qog nqaij hlav, tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam loj heev thiab txo cov metastasis. Saib ntawm txoj kev tshawb no, peb pom muaj kev cia siab loj heev rau yav tom ntej uas lub tswv yim tam sim no tuaj yeem ua tau zoo rau kev ua tiav lub hom phiaj kawg los kho mob qog noj ntshav. Thiab tsis tsuas yog mob qog noj ntshav xwb, lub tswv yim no kuj tseem tuaj yeem tsim los ua cov tshuaj xa khoom rau kev kho mob ntau yam kab mob ib yam nkaus vim tias txoj hauv kev yuav tsuas yog hloov kho cov qauv ntawm nanobots thiab hloov cov khoom thauj khoom. Tsis tas li ntawd, nanobots tuaj yeem pab peb nkag siab ntxiv txog qhov nyuaj ntawm tib neeg lub cev thiab lub hlwb. Qhov no tseem yuav pab ua qhov tsis mob thiab tsis muaj kev phais, txawm tias qhov nyuaj tshaj plaws.Hypothetically ntawm lub sijhawm no, vim lawv cov nanobots loj tuaj yeem dhau los ntawm lub hlwb hlwb thiab tsim tag nrho cov ntaub ntawv ntsig txog xav tau rau kev tshawb fawb ntxiv. Nyob rau hauv lub neej yav tom ntej, cia peb hais ob xyoo caum los ntawm tam sim no, ib qho kev txhaj tshuaj ntawm nanobot yuav tuaj yeem kho cov kab mob tag nrho.
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Qhov (s)
Li S et al 2018. Lub DNA nanorobot ua haujlwm raws li kev kho mob qog noj ntshav hauv cov lus teb rau cov tshuaj molecular hauv vivo. Xwm Biotechnology. https://doi.org/10.1038/nbt.4071
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