Nyob rau hauv ib qho kev nce qib loj hauv 3D bioprinting cov txheej txheem, cov hlwb thiab cov ntaub so ntswg tau raug tsim los coj zoo li hauv lawv qhov chaw ib puag ncig kom tsim tau 'tiag' lom qauv.
3D luam ntawv yog txheej txheem uas cov khoom siv ntxiv ua ke thiab yog li koom nrog lossis sib koom ua ke hauv kev tswj hwm digital ntawm lub khoos phis tawj los tsim cov khoom peb sab lossis qhov chaw. Rapid Prototyping thiab Additive Manufacturing yog lwm cov ntsiab lus siv los piav txog cov txheej txheem no ntawm kev tsim cov khoom nyuaj lossis cov chaw los ntawm cov khoom siv txheej txheej thiab maj mam tsim - lossis tsuas yog 'additive' txoj kev. Qhov zoo tshaj plaws thev naus laus zis no tau nyob ib puag ncig peb xyoos tom qab tau tshawb pom hauv xyoo 1987, tsuas yog tsis ntev los no nws tau raug thawb mus rau qhov pom thiab muaj koob npe tsis yog tsuas yog ua ib txoj hauv kev tsim cov qauv tab sis theej muab cov khoom ua haujlwm puv ntoob. Xws li yog lub peev xwm ntawm possibilities ntawm 3D luam ntawv hais tias nws tam sim no tsav tsheb loj nrhav nyob rau hauv ntau qhov chaw xws li engineering, manufacturing thiab tshuaj.
Muaj ntau hom kev tsim khoom siv ntxiv uas ua raws tib cov kauj ruam kom ua tiav qhov kawg kawg. Hauv thawj kauj ruam tseem ceeb, kev tsim qauv tsim yog siv CAD (Computer-Aided-Design) software ntawm lub computer-hu ua daim phiaj xwm digital. Cov software no tuaj yeem kwv yees li cas cov qauv kawg yuav tig tawm thiab coj tus cwj pwm, yog li thawj kauj ruam no yog qhov tseem ceeb rau qhov txiaj ntsig zoo. Qhov kev tsim CAD no yog tom qab ntawd hloov mus rau hauv hom kev qhia (hu ua .stl cov ntaub ntawv lossis cov qauv tessellation lus) uas yuav tsum muaj rau lub tshuab luam ntawv 3D kom tuaj yeem txhais cov lus qhia ntawm kev tsim. Tom ntej no, lub tshuab luam ntawv 3D yuav tsum tau teeb tsa (zoo ib yam li lub tshuab luam ntawv niaj hnub, hauv tsev lossis chaw ua haujlwm 2D) rau kev luam ntawv tiag tiag - qhov no suav nrog kev teeb tsa qhov loj me thiab kev taw qhia, xaiv rau toj roob hauv pes lossis portrait prints, sau lub tshuab luam ntawv cartridges nrog cov hmoov zoo. . Cov 3D tshuab luam ntawv tom qab ntawd pib cov txheej txheem luam ntawv, maj mam tsim cov qauv tsim ib txheej microscopic ntawm cov khoom ib zaug. Cov txheej no feem ntau yog nyob ib ncig ntawm 0.1mm hauv thickness txawm tias nws tuaj yeem kho kom haum rau ib qho khoom uas tau luam tawm. Tag nrho cov txheej txheem yog feem ntau automated thiab tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam lub cev yuav tsum tau, tsuas yog xyuas raws sij hawm kom paub tseeb tias muaj tseeb functionality. Ib yam khoom siv sijhawm ob peb teev rau hnub ua kom tiav, nyob ntawm qhov loj thiab qhov nyuaj ntawm kev tsim. Tsis tas li ntawd, txij li nws yog ib qho 'additive' methodology, nws yog kev lag luam, eco-friendly (tsis muaj khib nyiab) thiab tseem muab ntau dua rau kev tsim qauv.
Qib tom ntej: 3D Bioprinting
Bioprinting yog ib qho kev txuas ntxiv ntawm kev luam ntawv 3D ib txwm muaj nrog kev nce qib tsis ntev los no ua rau 3D luam ntawv tau siv rau cov khoom siv roj ntsha. Thaum 3D inkjet luam ntawv twb tau siv los tsim thiab tsim cov cuab yeej kho mob thiab cov cuab yeej, ib kauj ruam ntxiv yuav tsum tau tsim los luam tawm, saib thiab nkag siab txog cov roj ntsha molecules. Qhov tseem ceeb sib txawv yog tias tsis zoo li inkjet luam ntawv, bioprinting yog raws li bio-ink, uas yog suav nrog cov qauv ntawm tes. Yog li, hauv bioprinting, thaum ib qho qauv digital yog cov tswv yim, cov ntaub so ntswg tshwj xeeb yog luam tawm thiab tsim cov txheej txheem ntawm tes. Vim hais tias ntawm cov cellular complex ntawm lub cev nyob, 3D bioprinting yog nce zuj zus thiab complexities xws li kev xaiv ntawm cov ntaub ntawv, hlwb, yam, cov ntaub so ntswg yog possibilities ntxiv cov txheej txheem. Cov kev nyuaj no tuaj yeem hais los ntawm kev nthuav dav kev nkag siab los ntawm kev sib koom ua ke ntawm cov thev naus laus zis los ntawm kev sib koom tes xws li biology, physics thiab tshuaj.
Kev vam meej loj hauv bioprinting
Hauv kev tshawb fawb luam tawm hauv Advanced Functional Materials, cov kws tshawb fawb tau tsim cov txheej txheem 3D bioprinting uas siv cov hlwb thiab cov molecules ib txwm pom hauv cov ntaub so ntswg (lawv ib puag ncig ib puag ncig) los tsim cov qauv lossis cov qauv tsim uas zoo li 'tiag' cov qauv lom neeg. Cov txheej txheem bioprinting tshwj xeeb no ua ke 'molecular self-assembly' nrog '3D luam ntawv' los tsim cov txheej txheem biomolecular complex. Molecular self-assembly yog txheej txheem los ntawm cov molecules txais ib txoj kev npaj ntawm lawv tus kheej los ua ib txoj haujlwm tshwj xeeb. Cov txheej txheem no suav nrog 'micro- thiab macroscopic tswj ntawm cov yam ntxwv' uas '3D luam ntawv' muab nrog 'molecular thiab nano-scale tswj' tau qhib los ntawm 'molecular self-assembly'. Nws siv lub zog ntawm molecular self-assembly los txhawb cov hlwb uas tau luam tawm, uas yog txwv tsis pub luam 3D thaum tsis tu ncua '3D luam ntawv number case' tsis muab qhov no txhais tau tias rau qhov no.
Cov kws tshawb fawb 'embeded' cov qauv hauv 'bio ink' uas zoo ib yam li lawv qhov chaw nyob hauv lub cev ua rau cov qauv coj raws li lawv xav tau hauv lub cev. Qhov no bio-ink, tseem hu ua tus kheej-assembling number case pab tswj lossis hloov kho cov tshuaj lom neeg thiab lub cev thaum lub sijhawm thiab tom qab luam ntawv, uas tom qab ntawd tso cai rau kev txhawb nqa tus cwj pwm ntawm tes. Qhov tshwj xeeb mechanism thaum siv rau bioprinting tso cai rau peb los soj ntsuam seb cov hlwb no ua haujlwm li cas hauv lawv ib puag ncig, yog li muab peb cov duab thaij duab thiab nkag siab txog qhov xwm txheej lom neeg tiag tiag. Nws ua rau muaj peev xwm tsim cov qauv 3D lom neeg los ntawm kev luam tawm ntau hom biomolecules uas muaj peev xwm sib sau ua ke rau hauv cov qauv zoo ntawm ntau qhov teev.
Lub neej tom ntej muaj kev cia siab heev!
Kev tshawb fawb bioprinting twb tau siv los tsim cov ntaub so ntswg sib txawv thiab yog li tuaj yeem yog qhov tseem ceeb heev rau cov ntaub so ntswg engineering thiab cov tshuaj kho dua tshiab los daws qhov xav tau ntawm cov ntaub so ntswg thiab cov kabmob uas haum rau kev hloov pauv - tawv nqaij, pob txha, grafts, cov ntaub so ntswg thiab lwm yam. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov txheej txheem. qhib ntau txoj hauv kev los tsim thiab tsim cov xwm txheej lom neeg xws li complex thiab tshwj xeeb ntawm tes ib puag ncig kom muaj kev vam meej ntawm cov ntaub so ntswg engineering los ntawm kev tsim cov khoom lossis kev tsim - nyob rau hauv kev tswj hwm digital thiab nrog molecular precision - uas zoo ib yam lossis ua cov ntaub so ntswg hauv lub cev. Cov ntaub so ntswg nyob, pob txha, cov hlab ntsha thiab, muaj peev xwm thiab tag nrho cov qauv hauv nruab nrog cev muaj peev xwm tsim tau rau cov txheej txheem kho mob, kev cob qhia, kev sim, kev tshawb fawb thiab kev tshawb nrhiav tshuaj. Cov cim tshwj xeeb ntawm cov neeg mob tshwj xeeb tsim kho tuaj yeem pab tsim cov kev kho mob raug, tsom thiab tus kheej.
Ib qho ntawm cov teeb meem loj tshaj plaws rau bioprinting thiab 3D inkjet luam ntawv feem ntau yog kev txhim kho ntawm kev ua haujlwm siab, sophisticated software kom tau raws li qhov kev sib tw ntawm thawj kauj ruam ntawm kev luam ntawv - tsim ib qho tsim nyog tsim los yog daim ntawv qhia. Piv txwv li, daim phiaj xwm ntawm cov khoom tsis muaj sia tuaj yeem tsim tau yooj yim tab sis thaum nws los tsim cov qauv digital ntawm kev hais, lub siab lossis lub siab, nws nyuaj thiab tsis ncaj nraim li cov khoom siv feem ntau. Bioprinting twv yuav raug hu muaj ntau qhov zoo - kev tswj xyuas meej, rov ua dua thiab tus qauv tsim tab sis tseem muaj kev sib tw nrog ntau qhov kev sib tw - qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws yog suav nrog ntau hom xovtooj ntawm tes hauv cov qauv spatial txij li ib puag ncig nyob yog dynamic thiab tsis zoo li qub. Txoj kev tshawb no tau pab txhawb kev nce qib ntawm 3D bioprinting thiab ntau yam teeb meem tuaj yeem raug tshem tawm los ntawm kev ua raws li lawv cov hauv paus ntsiab lus. Nws yog qhov tseeb tias qhov kev vam meej tiag tiag ntawm bioprinting muaj ob peb lub ntsej muag txuas nrog nws. Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws uas tuaj yeem txhawb nqa bioprinting yog kev txhim kho cov khoom siv biomaterial uas tsim nyog thiab tsim nyog, txhim kho kev daws teeb meem ntawm kev luam ntawv thiab vascularisation kom muaj peev xwm ua tiav siv cov cuab yeej no hauv kev kho mob. Nws zoo li tsis yooj yim sua kom 'tsim' ua haujlwm tau zoo thiab lub cev siv tau rau tib neeg hloov pauv los ntawm bioprinting tab sis txawm li cas los xij daim teb no tau nce nrawm thiab ntau txoj kev txhim kho nyob rau hauv pem hauv ntej tam sim no hauv ob peb xyoos xwb. Nws yuav tsum ua tiav kom dhau los ntawm feem ntau ntawm cov kev cov nyom uas txuas nrog bioprinting txij li cov kws tshawb fawb thiab biomedical engineers twb nyob rau hauv txoj kev mus rau kev vam meej bioprinting.
Qee qhov teeb meem nrog Bioprinting
Ib lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb tau tsa hauv thaj tsam ntawm bioprinting yog tias nws yuav luag tsis tuaj yeem nyob rau theem no los ntsuas qhov ua tau zoo thiab kev nyab xeeb ntawm kev kho mob lom neeg 'tus kheej' raug muab rau cov neeg mob siv cov txheej txheem no. Tsis tas li, cov nqi cuam tshuam nrog cov kev kho mob zoo li no yog qhov teeb meem loj tshwj xeeb tshaj yog qhov kev lag luam muaj kev txhawj xeeb. Txawm hais tias nws muaj peev xwm tsim tau ntau lub cev ua haujlwm uas tuaj yeem hloov pauv tib neeg lub cev, tab sis txawm li ntawd los, tam sim no tsis muaj pov thawj kev dag ntxias los ntsuas seb tus neeg mob lub cev puas yuav txais cov ntaub so ntswg tshiab lossis cov khoom siv dag zog tsim tawm thiab seb cov kev hloov pauv no puas yuav ua tiav ntawm. tag nrho.
Bioprinting yog kev lag luam loj hlob thiab yuav tsom mus rau kev loj hlob ntawm cov ntaub so ntswg thiab lub cev thiab tej zaum nyob rau hauv ob peb lub xyoo lawm cov txiaj ntsig tshiab yuav pom hauv 3D luam tawm tib neeg lub cev thiab hloov chaw. 3D bioprinting yuav txuas ntxiv yog qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws thiab cuam tshuam txog kev kho mob ntawm peb lub neej.
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{Koj tuaj yeem nyeem cov ntawv tshawb fawb thawj zaug los ntawm nyem rau ntawm DOI qhov txuas tau muab hauv qab no hauv cov npe ntawm cov khoom raug suav nrog}
Qhov (s)
Hedegaard CL 2018. Hydrodynamically Guided Hierarchical Self-Assembly of Peptide-Protein Bioinks. Advanced Functional Materials. https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.201703716
