Cov kws tshaj lij tau tsim cov khoom siv hluav taws xob ua los ntawm cov khoom siv sib txawv nyias nyias uas tuaj yeem siv rau cov khoom siv hluav taws xob nyob rau yav tom ntej.
Cov kws ua haujlwm ntawm cov tuam txhab loj tau xav tsim lub vijtsam zaub uas muab tais tau thiab yoog tau rau cov khoom siv hluav taws xob xws li khoos phis tawj thiab xov tooj ntawm tes. Lub hom phiaj yog lub vijtsam zaub uas yuav zoo li daim ntawv piv txwv li khoov tau tab sis kuj ua haujlwm hluav taws xob. Samsung, ib lub tuam txhab tsim xov tooj ntawm tes loj tshaj plaws hauv ntiaj teb yuav muaj peev xwm tso tawm lub xov tooj ntawm tes yoog tau sai sai no. Lawv tau tsim lub vaj huam sib luag organic light emitting diode (OLED) uas muaj qhov chaw tsis tawg. Nws yog lub teeb yuag tab sis tawv thiab ruaj khov thiab tuaj yeem tiv taus qhov kub siab. Nws qhov tshwj xeeb tshaj plaws yuav yog tias qhov zaub no yuav tsis tawg lossis puas tsuaj yog tias lub cuab yeej poob - qhov teeb meem loj tshaj plaws uas cov neeg tsim qauv xov tooj ntawm tes ntsib niaj hnub no. Lub vijtsam LCD ib txwm tseem tso tawm txawm tias thaum khoov tab sis cov kua hauv nws tsis sib xws thiab yog li ntawd daim duab distorted raug tso tawm. Lub vijtsam OLED yoog tau tshiab tuaj yeem khoov lossis nkhaus yam tsis cuam tshuam qhov zaub, txawm li cas los xij, nws tseem yuav tsis tuaj yeem quav tau tag nrho. Qhov yooj ywm tuaj yeem nce ntxiv los ntawm kev siv cov nanowires yoog tau ntau dua yav tom ntej. Lub vijtsam quantum dot light emitting diode yooj ywm dua vim yog kev siv nano-crystals los tsim cov teeb pom kev zoo. Cov zaub tseem yuav tsum tau muab ntim rau hauv iav lossis lwm yam khoom siv rau kev tiv thaiv.
Cov khoom siv tshiab los tsim cov ntxaij vab tshaus hloov tau
Nyob rau hauv kev tshawb fawb tsis ntev los no luam tawm hauv Advanced Materials, cov engineers ntawm The Australian National University (ANU) tau tsim thawj zaug ib lub semiconductor ua los ntawm cov khoom siv organic thiab inorganic uas hloov hluav taws xob mus ua lub teeb. Lub semiconductor no yog ultra-thin thiab yooj ywm heev ua rau nws tshwj xeeb. Lub organic ib feem ntawm lub cuab yeej, ib feem tseem ceeb ntawm lub semiconductor muaj qhov tuab ntawm tsuas yog ib lub atom. Lub inorganic ib feem kuj me me, txog li ob lub atoms tuab. Cov khoom siv tau tsim los ntawm cov txheej txheem hu ua 'chemical vapor deposition', zoo ib yam li kev tsim cov qauv 3-dimensional los ntawm 2D piav qhia. Lub semiconductor tsis tuaj yeem pom nrog lub qhov muag liab qab, nws so ntawm cov electrodes kub ntawm lub chip ntawm qhov loj me 1cm x 1cm uas muaj lub transistor ua haujlwm. Ib lub chip zoo li no tuaj yeem tuav ntau txhiab lub transistor circuits. Lub electrode ua haujlwm ua lub zog nkag thiab tawm. Thaum tsim cov khoom siv opto-electronic thiab hluav taws xob ntawm cov khoom tau piav qhia. Cov qauv sib xyaw no ntawm cov khoom organic thiab inorganic hloov hluav taws xob mus ua lub teeb uas tom qab ntawd muab cov zaub ntawm lub xov tooj ntawm tes, TV thiab lwm yam khoom siv. Lub teeb emission tau pom tias ntse dua thiab zoo dua rau cov zaub daws teeb meem siab dua.
Cov khoom siv zoo li no tuaj yeem siv nyob rau yav tom ntej los ua cov cuab yeej khoov tau - piv txwv cov xov tooj ntawm tes. Lub vijtsam lossis cov duab puas muaj ntau heev hauv cov xov tooj ntawm tes thiab cov khoom siv no tuaj yeem cawm tau. Nrog kev muaj koob meej thiab kev xav tau ntawm cov xov tooj ntse nrog cov ntxaij vab tshaus loj loj zuj zus, qhov xav tau ntawm lub sijhawm yog kom muaj lub sijhawm ntev kom cov zaub tsis tuaj yeem khawb lossis tawg lossis poob thiab lwm yam. Cov qauv hybrid yog qhov zoo ntawm kev ua haujlwm zoo dua li cov khoom siv semiconductors uas yog ua tag nrho ntawm silicon. Cov khoom siv no tuaj yeem siv los tsim cov ntxaij vab tshaus rau cov xov tooj ntawm tes, TV, digital consoles thiab lwm yam thiab tej zaum tsim cov khoos phis tawj ib hnub thiab los yog ua lub xov tooj ntawm tes kom muaj zog zoo li lub tshuab computer. Cov kws tshawb fawb twb tau ua haujlwm ntawm kev tsim cov khoom siv hluav taws xob no ntawm qhov loj dua kom nws tuaj yeem ua lag luam.
Tackling cov khoom siv hluav taws xob
Kwv yees tias xyoo 2018 yuav muaj yuav luag 50 lab tons ntawm cov khib nyiab hluav taws xob (e-pov tseg) thiab muaj tsawg heev uas yuav rov ua dua tshiab. E-pov tseg yog cov khoom siv hluav taws xob thiab cov khoom siv uas tau tas sij hawm lawm thiab yuav tsum tau muab pov tseg suav nrog cov khoos phis tawj qub, cov khoom siv hauv chaw ua haujlwm lossis kev lom zem, xov tooj ntawm tes, TV thiab lwm yam. Muaj ntau cov khib nyiab hluav taws xob yog qhov txaus ntshai rau ib puag ncig thiab yuav ua rau peb cov peev txheej ntuj tsim thiab ib puag ncig puas tsuaj mus tas li. Qhov kev tshawb pom no yog qhov pib rau kev tsim cov khoom siv hluav taws xob uas ua tau zoo tab sis ua los ntawm cov khoom siv organic 'bio'. Yog tias cov xov tooj ntawm tes tau ua los ntawm cov khoom siv yooj ywm lawv yuav yooj yim dua rau kev rov ua dua tshiab. Qhov no yuav txo cov khib nyiab hluav taws xob uas tsim tawm txhua xyoo thoob plaws ntiaj teb.
Lub neej yav tom ntej ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob foldable thiab hloov tau yooj yim yuav yog qhov zoo siab heev. Cov kws ua haujlwm twb tau xav txog cov duab uas tuaj yeem ua tau qhov twg cov khoom siv tuaj yeem dov li ib qho scroll. Hom kev tshuaj ntsuam siab tshaj plaws yuav yog qhov uas tuaj yeem quav, nkhaus lossis txawm tsoo zoo li daim ntawv tab sis tuaj yeem txuas ntxiv tso saib cov duab zoo nkauj. Lwm qhov chaw yog kev siv 'auxtetic' cov ntaub ntawv uas ua tuab dua thaum lawv ncab thiab uas tuaj yeem nqus tau cov kev cuam tshuam ntawm lub zog siab thiab kev kho tus kheej los kho cov kev cuam tshuam. Cov khoom siv zoo li no yuav yog lub teeb yuag tsis tau hloov pauv.
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Qhov (s)
Sharma A et al. 2018. Efficient and Layer-Dependent Exciton Pumping across Atomically Nyias Organic–Inorganic Type-I Heterostructures. Advanced ntaub ntawv. 30 (40).
https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.201803986
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