Cov kws tshaj lij tau tsim cov khoom siv hluav taws xob ua los ntawm cov khoom siv sib txawv nyias nyias uas tuaj yeem siv rau cov khoom siv hluav taws xob nyob rau yav tom ntej.
Cov kws ua haujlwm ntawm cov tuam txhab loj tau tsom mus rau tsim lub foldable thiab hloov tau yooj yim zaub screen rau hluav taws xob pab kiag li lawm zoo li computers thiab mobile xov tooj. Lub hom phiaj yog ib qho screen zaub uas xav tias zoo li daim ntawv ie yuav khoov tau tab sis kuj ua haujlwm hauv hluav taws xob. Samsung, ib qho ntawm cov tuam txhab xov tooj loj tshaj plaws hauv ntiaj teb yuav nyob rau hauv txhua qhov tshwm sim yuav nthuav tawm lub xov tooj hloov tau yooj yim sai sai. Lawv tau tsim ib tug saj zawg zog organic Lub teeb emitting diode (OLED) vaj huam sib luag uas muaj qhov tsis sib haum xeeb. Nws yog lub teeb yuag tab sis tawv thiab muaj zog thiab tuaj yeem tiv taus qhov kub thiab txias. Nws qhov tshwj xeeb tshaj plaws yuav yog tias cov zaub no yuav tsis tawg lossis puas yog tias lub cuab yeej ntog - qhov kev sib tw loj tshaj plaws niaj hnub no los ntawm cov neeg tsim qauv xov tooj ntawm tes. Lub vijtsam LCD tsis tu ncua tseem tuaj yeem tso tawm txawm tias thaum khoov tab sis cov kua hauv nws ua tsis zoo thiab vim li no pom cov duab distorted. Qhov hloov pauv tshiab OLED npo tuaj yeem khoov lossis nkhaus yam tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam cov duab, txawm li cas los xij, nws tseem yuav tsis tuaj yeem ua tiav. Kev hloov pauv tuaj yeem ua tau ntxiv los ntawm kev siv cov nanowires yooj yim dua yav tom ntej. Lub quantum dot lub teeb emitting diode zaub yog hloov tau yooj yim dua vim yog siv cov nano-crystals los tsim lub teeb pom kev zoo. Cov lus tseem yuav tsum tau ntim rau hauv iav lossis lwm yam khoom siv tiv thaiv.
Cov khoom siv tshiab los tsim cov ntxaij vab tshaus hloov tau
Hauv kev tshawb fawb tsis ntev los no luam tawm hauv Advanced ntaub ntawv engineers los ntawm Australian National University (ANU) tau thawj zaug tsim ib tug semiconductor ua los ntawm organic thiab cov khoom siv inorganic uas zoo hloov hluav taws xob rau hauv lub teeb. Qhov no semiconductor yog ultra-nyias thiab saj zawg zog heev ua rau nws tshwj xeeb. Cov organic ib feem ntawm cov cuab yeej, ib feem tseem ceeb ntawm lub semiconductor muaj ib tug tuab ntawm tsuas yog ib tug atom. Cov inorganic feem kuj yog me me, txog ob atoms tuab. Cov khoom siv tau tsim los ntawm cov txheej txheem hu ua 'chemical vapor deposition', zoo ib yam li tsim cov qauv 3-dimensional los ntawm 2D piav qhia. Lub semiconductor tsis tuaj yeem pom ntawm qhov muag liab qab, nws nyob nruab nrab ntawm cov hluav taws xob kub ntawm lub nti ntawm qhov loj 1cm x 1cm muaj qhov ua haujlwm transistor. Ib lub nti zoo li no tuaj yeem tuav ntau txhiab tus transistor circuits. Lub electrode ua hauj lwm raws li hluav taws xob input thiab output point. Thaum tsim kho opto-electronic thiab hluav taws xob cov khoom ntawm cov khoom siv tau tus yam ntxwv. Qhov no hybrid qauv ntawm organic thiab inorganic Cheebtsam converts hluav taws xob mus rau hauv lub teeb uas ces muab tso rau hauv lub xov tooj ntawm tes, TVs thiab lwm yam khoom siv. Lub teeb emission pom tau tias yog qhov ntse dua thiab zoo dua rau cov kev daws teeb meem siab dua.
Cov khoom siv zoo li no tuaj yeem siv nyob rau yav tom ntej los ua cov cuab yeej khoov tau - piv txwv cov xov tooj ntawm tes. Lub vijtsam lossis cov duab puas muaj ntau heev hauv cov xov tooj ntawm tes thiab cov khoom siv no tuaj yeem cawm tau. Nrog kev muaj koob meej thiab kev xav tau ntawm cov xov tooj ntse nrog cov ntxaij vab tshaus loj loj zuj zus, qhov xav tau ntawm lub sijhawm yog kom muaj lub sijhawm ntev kom cov zaub tsis tuaj yeem khawb lossis tawg lossis poob thiab lwm yam. Cov qauv hybrid yog qhov zoo ntawm kev ua haujlwm zoo dua li cov khoom siv semiconductors uas yog ua tag nrho ntawm silicon. Cov khoom siv no tuaj yeem siv los tsim cov ntxaij vab tshaus rau cov xov tooj ntawm tes, TV, digital consoles thiab lwm yam thiab tej zaum tsim cov khoos phis tawj ib hnub thiab los yog ua lub xov tooj ntawm tes kom muaj zog zoo li lub tshuab computer. Cov kws tshawb fawb twb tau ua haujlwm ntawm kev tsim cov khoom siv hluav taws xob no ntawm qhov loj dua kom nws tuaj yeem ua lag luam.
Tackling cov khoom siv hluav taws xob
Nws tau kwv yees tias xyoo 2018 yuav tsim tag nrho yuav luag 50 lab tons ntawm hluav taws xob pov tseg (e-kua pov tseg) thiab muaj tsawg tsawg yuav rov ua dua. E-khoom siv hluav taws xob yog cov khoom siv hluav taws xob thiab khoom siv uas tau mus txog qhov kawg ntawm lawv lub neej thiab yuav tsum tau muab pov tseg nrog rau cov khoos phis tawj qub, chaw ua haujlwm lossis kev lom zem khoom siv hluav taws xob, xov tooj ntawm tes, TV thiab lwm yam. Qhov loj ntawm e-khoom pov tseg yog ib qho kev hem thawj loj heev rau ib puag ncig. thiab yuav ua rau kev puas tsuaj irreversible rau peb natural resources thiab ib puag ncig. Qhov kev tshawb pom no yog qhov pib ntawm kev tsim cov khoom siv hluav taws xob uas muaj kev ua haujlwm siab tab sis uas yog tsim los ntawm organic 'bio' cov ntaub ntawv. Yog tias cov xov tooj ntawm tes tau ua los ntawm cov khoom siv tau yooj yim, lawv yuav yooj yim dua rov siv dua. Qhov no yuav txo qis e-khoom pov tseg uas tsim tawm txhua xyoo thoob plaws ntiaj teb.
Lub neej yav tom ntej ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob foldable thiab hloov tau yooj yim yuav yog qhov zoo siab heev. Cov kws ua haujlwm twb tau xav txog cov duab uas tuaj yeem ua tau qhov twg cov khoom siv tuaj yeem dov li ib qho scroll. Hom kev tshuaj ntsuam siab tshaj plaws yuav yog qhov uas tuaj yeem quav, nkhaus lossis txawm tsoo zoo li daim ntawv tab sis tuaj yeem txuas ntxiv tso saib cov duab zoo nkauj. Lwm qhov chaw yog kev siv 'auxtetic' cov ntaub ntawv uas ua tuab dua thaum lawv ncab thiab uas tuaj yeem nqus tau cov kev cuam tshuam ntawm lub zog siab thiab kev kho tus kheej los kho cov kev cuam tshuam. Cov khoom siv zoo li no yuav yog lub teeb yuag tsis tau hloov pauv.
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{Koj tuaj yeem nyeem cov ntawv tshawb fawb thawj zaug los ntawm nyem rau ntawm DOI qhov txuas tau muab hauv qab no hauv cov npe ntawm cov khoom raug suav nrog}
Qhov (s)
Sharma A et al. 2018. Efficient and Layer-Dependent Exciton Pumping across Atomically Nyias Organic–Inorganic Type-I Heterostructures. Advanced ntaub ntawv. 30 (40).
https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.201803986
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