Qhov kev nug rau cov lus teb rau cov lus nug qhib (xws li, cov khoom tseem ceeb twg ua rau qhov teeb meem tsaus ntuj, vim li cas qhov teeb meem dominates lub qab ntuj khwb thiab yog vim li cas muaj teeb meem-antimatter asymmetry, dab tsi yog quab yuam particle rau lub ntiajteb txawj nqus, tsaus zog, neutrino huab hwm coj thiab lwm yam) uas tus qauv qauv tsis tuaj yeem hais txog, ib qho yuav tsum tau saib dhau ntawm Tus Qauv Qauv thiab tshawb nrhiav qhov muaj feem cuam tshuam ntawm cov khoom qub uas tsis muaj zog. nrog rau tshawb nrhiav qhov muaj nyob ntawm cov khoom tshiab, hnyav dua li qhov ncav cuag ntawm LHC qhov chaw uas twb muaj lawm. Lub tswv yim yav tom ntej Circular Collider (FCC) yuav ua rau nws muaj peev xwm tshawb nrhiav qhov muaj nyob ntawm cov khoom tseem ceeb tshaj li tus qauv qauv. Tam sim no CERN Council tau tshuaj xyuas FCC Feasibility Study report. Qhov kev txiav txim zaum kawg ntawm kev tsim FCC los ntawm CERN Council yuav tsum nyob ib ncig ntawm 2028. Yog tias pom zoo, kev tsim kho ntawm FCC yuav pib xyoo 2030. Nws yuav yog li ntawm 100 km nyob rau hauv ib ncig ntawm thaj tsam li 200 meters hauv qab av nyob ze tib qhov chaw raws li lub LHC nyob ze Geneva. Nws yuav ua tiav lub Loj Hadron Collider (LHC), uas yog kom ncav cuag nws qhov kawg ntawm kev ua haujlwm hauv 2041. FCC yuav raug muab coj los ua ob theem. Thawj theem, FCC-ee yuav yog ib qho hluav taws xob-positron collider rau kev ntsuas qhov tseeb ntawm kev tshawb nrhiav cov khoom sib zog, uas yuav muab 15-xyoo kev tshawb fawb los ntawm 2040s lig. Thaum ua tiav ntawm theem no, lub tshuab thib ob, FCC-hh (lub zog siab), yuav raug muab tso rau hauv tib lub qhov. Qhov thib ob lub hom phiaj kom ncav cuag kev sib tsoo lub zog ntawm 100 TeV (ntau dua li 13 TeV ntawm LHC) ntawm kev tshawb nrhiav cov khoom hnyav dua. Cov theem no yuav ua haujlwm nyob rau hauv 2070s thiab yuav khiav mus txog rau thaum xaus ntawm lub xyoo pua 21st.
Thaum Lub Kaum Ib Hlis 6-7, 2025, CERN Council (suav nrog cov neeg sawv cev los ntawm CERN Cov Tswv Cuab thiab Cov Neeg Koom Tes Koom Tes) tau tshuaj xyuas cov txiaj ntsig ntawm Txoj Kev Tshawb Fawb Txog Kev Tshawb Fawb rau yav tom ntej Circular Collider (FCC).
Yav dhau los, CERN tau ua ib txoj kev tshawb fawb los soj ntsuam qhov ua tau ntawm Lub Neej Yav Tom Ntej Circular Collider (FCC) hauv kev koom tes nrog cov koom haum hauv CERN's Member thiab Associate Member States thiab tshaj. Daim ntawv tshaj tawm tau tshaj tawm thaum Lub Peb Hlis 31, 2025 uas tau tshuaj xyuas los ntawm cov koom haum hauv qab ntawm CERN Council. Daim ntawv tshaj tawm kuj tau tshuaj xyuas los ntawm pawg kws tshaj lij ywj pheej, uas tau hais tias FCC zoo li ua tau zoo raws li cov ntaub ntawv nthuav tawm.
CERN Council cov neeg sawv cev tam sim no tau tshuaj xyuas FCC Feasibility Study report ntawm 6 -7 Kaum Ib Hlis 2025 ntawm lub rooj sib tham tshwj xeeb thiab xaus lus tias Txoj Kev Kawm Ua Tau Zoo muab lub hauv paus rau FCC cov kev tshawb fawb txuas ntxiv. Qhov no yog ib kauj ruam tseem ceeb rau kev pom zoo ntawm FCC los ntawm CERN Council thaum lub Tsib Hlis 2026 thaum tag nrho cov lus pom zoo yuav raug nthuav tawm ua ntej nws los txiav txim siab. Qhov kev txiav txim zaum kawg ntawm kev tsim FCC los ntawm CERN Council yuav tsum nyob ib ncig ntawm 2028.
Yav Tom Ntej Circular Collider (FCC) yog ib qho ntawm cov txheej txheem tom ntej particle colliders ntawm CERN. Nws xav tias yuav ua tiav Loj Hadron Collider (LHC), uas yuav ncav cuag nws qhov kawg ntawm kev ua haujlwm hauv 2041. CERN tab tom ua haujlwm los txheeb xyuas qhov kev sib tsoo tom ntej kom ua tiav LHC uas yog CERN tus neeg ua haujlwm tam sim no.
Commissioned nyob rau hauv 2008, lub Loj Hadron Collider (LHC) yog ib tug ncig sib tsoo ntsuas 27-km nyob rau hauv ib ncig thiab yog nyob rau hauv 100 m hauv qab av nyob ze Geneva. Tam sim no, nws yog qhov loj tshaj plaws thiab muaj zog tshaj kev sib tsoo hauv ntiaj teb uas tsim kev sib tsoo ntawm lub zog ntawm 13 teraelectronvolts (TeV) uas yog lub zog siab tshaj plaws tau txais los ntawm lub accelerator kom deb li deb. Nws accelerates hadrons kom ze rau qhov ceev ntawm lub teeb, ces collides lawv mimicking tej yam kev mob ntawm lub ntiaj teb thaum ntxov.
| Particle Accelerators / Colliders yog qhov rais mus rau Lub Ntiaj Teb Thaum Ntxov |
| "Lub ntug thaum ntxov heev" yog hais txog lub sijhawm ntxov tshaj plaws ntawm lub ntiaj teb (thawj peb feeb tsis ntev tom qab lub Big Bang) thaum nws kub heev thiab lub qab ntuj khwb tau dominated tag nrho los ntawm cov hluav taws xob. Lub sijhawm Plank yog thawj lub sijhawm ntawm lub sijhawm hluav taws xob uas tau los ntawm Big Bang mus rau 10.-43 s. Nrog rau qhov kub thiab txias ntawm 1032 K, lub ntiaj teb tau kub heev nyob rau lub sijhawm no. Lub sijhawm Planck tau ua raws li Quark, Lepton, thiab Nuclear epochs; tag nrho cov nyob luv luv tab sis tau tshwm sim los ntawm qhov kub thiab txias heev uas maj mam txo thaum lub ntug nthuav dav. Kev kawm ncaj qha ntawm lub sijhawm ntxov tshaj plaws ntawm lub ntiaj teb no tsis tuaj yeem ua tau. Dab tsi tuaj yeem ua tau yog rov tsim cov xwm txheej ntawm theem no ntawm lub ntiaj teb hauv particle accelerators. Cov ntaub ntawv tsim los ntawm kev sib tsoo ntawm cov khoom hauv accelerators / colliders muab lub qhov rais tsis ncaj rau lub ntiaj teb thaum ntxov. Colliders yog cov cuab yeej tshawb fawb tseem ceeb hauv particle physics. Cov no yog cov voj voog lossis cov tshuab tawm uas ua kom cov khoom mus rau qhov nrawm heev ze rau qhov ceev ntawm lub teeb thiab tso cai rau lawv sib tsoo tawm tsam lwm cov khoom los ntawm cov kev taw qhia los yog tawm tsam lub hom phiaj. Kev sib tsoo ua rau muaj qhov kub thiab txias heev nyob rau hauv qhov kev txiav txim ntawm trillions ntawm Kelvin (zoo ib yam li cov xwm txheej tam sim no nyob rau hauv lub sijhawm ntxov tshaj plaws ntawm cov hluav taws xob era). Lub zog ntawm colliding hais yog ntxiv li no kev sib tsoo zog yog siab dua. Kev sib tsoo lub zog yog hloov mus rau hauv cov teeb meem hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov khoom uas muaj nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb thaum ntxov raws li ib pawg loj-zog symmetry. Piv txwv li, thaum lub subatomic particles electrons sib tsoo nrog lawv cov anti-teeb meem koom tespositrons, teeb meem thiab anti-teeb meem annihilate thiab lub zog tawm. Ntau hom tshiab elementary hais condense tawm ntawm lub zog tso tawm. Cov khoom tshiab tuaj yeem yog Higgs bosons lossis sab saum toj quarks, uas yog hom hnyav heev ntawm subatomic tsev blocks ntawm teeb meem. Tej zaum, cov teeb meem tsaus ntuj thiab cov ntsiab lus supersymmetric ib yam nkaus, ib yam dab tsi uas tseem tsis tau pom. Xws li kev sib cuam tshuam ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob siab hauv cov xwm txheej uas muaj nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb thaum ntxov ua rau lub qhov rais mus rau lwm lub ntiaj teb uas tsis tuaj yeem nkag tau ntawm lub sijhawm ntawd thiab kev tshuaj xyuas ntawm cov khoom lag luam ntawm kev sib tsoo ua rau peb nkag siab txog cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb thiab muaj txoj hauv kev kom nkag siab txog kev tswj hwm txoj cai ntawm physics. Particle accelerators yog siv los ua cov cuab yeej tshawb fawb rau kev kawm txog lub ntiaj teb thaum ntxov. Hadron colliders (tshwj xeeb tshaj yog CERN's Loj Hadron Collider LHC) thiab electron-positron colliders yog nyob rau hauv pem hauv ntej hauv kev tshawb nrhiav lub ntiaj teb thaum ntxov. ATLAS thiab CMS kev sim ntawm Loj Hadron Collider (LHC) tau ua tiav hauv kev tshawb pom Higgs boson hauv 2012. (Tau qhov twg los: Particle colliders rau kev kawm ntawm "Lub ntug thaum ntxov heev": Muon collider ua qauv qhia) |
Lub High-Luminosity Loj Hadron Collider (HL - LHC) ntawm CERN yuav txhawb nqa kev ua tau zoo ntawm LHC los ntawm kev nce cov kev sib tsoo kom tso cai rau kev kawm txog cov txheej txheem paub ntau dua. Nws zoo li yuav ua haujlwm los ntawm 2029.
Lub tswv yim yav tom ntej Circular Collider (FCC) yuav yog ib qho kev ua tau zoo dua particle collider vis-a-vis Loj Hydron Collider. Tsim los tshawb nrhiav qhov muaj nyob ntawm cov khoom tshiab, hnyav dua, dhau qhov ncav cuag ntawm Loj Hadron Collider (LHC) thiab muaj cov khoom sib zog uas cuam tshuam tsis muaj zog nrog Standard Model hais, FCC yuav yog li 100 km nyob rau hauv ib ncig ntawm thaj tsam li 200 meters hauv qab av nyob ze ntawm tib qhov chaw raws li LHC. Yog tias pom zoo, kev tsim kho ntawm FCC yuav pib xyoo 2030s.
FCC yuav raug siv nyob rau hauv ob theem. Thawj theem, FCC-ee yuav yog electron-positron collider rau kev ntsuas qhov tseeb. Nws yuav muab 15-xyoo kev tshawb fawb kev kawm los ntawm lig 2040s. Thaum ua tiav ntawm theem no, lub tshuab thib ob, FCC-hh (lub zog siab), yuav raug xa mus rau tib lub qhov. Qhov no yog lub hom phiaj kom ncav cuag lub zog sib tsoo ntawm 100 TeV sib tsoo hasrons (protons) thiab hnyav ions. FCC-hh yuav ua haujlwm hauv 2070s thiab yuav khiav mus txog rau thaum xaus ntawm lub xyoo pua 21st.
Vim li cas thiaj xav tau FCC? Lub hom phiaj twg nws yuav ua haujlwm?
Tag nrho lub ntiaj teb pom tau suav nrog tag nrho cov teeb meem zoo tib yam baryonic uas peb txhua tus tau tsim los ntawm tsuas yog 4.9% ntawm lub zog loj ntawm lub ntiaj teb. Cov teeb meem tsis pom kev tsaus ntuj suav nrog ntau npaum li 26.8% (qhov seem 68.3% ntawm lub zog loj ntawm lub ntiaj teb yog lub zog tsaus). Tsis paub tias qhov tsaus ntuj yog dab tsi tiag. Tus Qauv Qauv (SM) ntawm particle physics tsis muaj cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb nrog cov khoom xav tau los ua qhov tsaus ntuj. Nws yog xav tias tej zaum "supersymmetric hais" uas yog koom tes rau cov hais nyob rau hauv tus qauv qauv ua rau tsaus teeb meem.Los tej zaum muaj ib tug parallel ntiaj teb no ntawm cov teeb meem tsaus. WIMPs (Weakly Interacting Massive Particles), axions, los yog sterile neutrinos yog cov lus hais tias "Tshaj Tawm Tus Qauv" (BSM) uas yog cov thawj coj sib tw. Txawm li cas los xij, tseem tsis tau muaj kev vam meej hauv kev tshawb pom ntawm cov khoom zoo li no. Muaj ntau cov lus nug qhib (xws li teeb meem-antimatter asymmetry, lub ntiajteb txawj nqus, tsaus zog, neutrinomass thiab lwm yam) uas Standard Model tsis tuaj yeem teb. Tsis tas li ntawd, lub luag hauj lwm ntawm Higgs teb nyob rau hauv lub evolution ntawm lub ntiaj teb no tau pib txiav txim siab raws li tom qab nrhiav tau ntawm Higgs boson nyob rau hauv 2012 los ntawm lub ATLAS thiab CMS thwmsim ntawm lub Loj Hadron Collider (LHC).
Cov lus teb tau rau cov lus nug qhib saum toj no yog dhau ntawm Tus Qauv Qauv ntawm particle physics. Ib qho yuav tsum tau tshawb nrhiav qhov muaj nyob ntawm cov khoom tshiab, sib zog sib zog uas cuam tshuam tsis muaj zog nrog Standard Model hais. Qhov no yuav xav tau ntau cov ntaub ntawv sau thiab muaj kev nkag siab zoo rau cov teeb liab ntawm kev tsim cov khoom zoo li no uas yog nyob rau hauv qhov kev ua haujlwm ntawm thawj theem ntawm FCC viz., FCC-ee (kev ntsuas qhov tseeb). Nws tseem yog ib qho tseem ceeb rau kev tshawb nrhiav lub neej tshiab, hnyav dua uas yuav xav tau cov chaw siv hluav taws xob siab. FCC-hh (lub zog siab), theem thib ob ntawm FCC lub hom phiaj kom ncav cuag lub zog sib tsoo ntawm 100 TeV (uas yog siab dua 13 TeV ntawm LHC). Raws li rau cov duab ntawm thawj theem electron-positron (e + e-) collider, lub voj voog tau zoo dua (vis-a-vis linear) vim hais tias lub voj voog ua kom muaj zog dua, mus txog plaub qhov kev sim thiab muab cov txheej txheem rau theem thib ob tom ntej high-zog hadron collider.
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References:
- CERN. Xovxwm Tshaj Tawm - CERN Pawg Neeg Saib Xyuas Kev Tshawb Fawb Txog Kev Tshawb Fawb Txog Kev Tshawb Fawb Txog Kev Sib Tw rau lwm tiam. 10 Kaum Ib Hlis 2025. Muaj nyob ntawm https://home.cern/news/press-release/accelerators/cern-council-reviews-feasibility-study-next-generation-collider
- CERN. Kev Tshaj Tawm - CERN tshaj tawm tsab ntawv tshaj tawm txog qhov ua tau ntawm qhov ua tau rau yav tom ntej Circular Collider. 31 Lub Peb Hlis 2025. Muaj nyob ntawm https://home.cern/news/news/accelerators/cern-releases-report-feasibility-possible-future-circular-collider
- Kev Tshawb Fawb Txog Kev Ua Tau Zoo rau yav tom ntej Circular Collider yog tam sim no ua tiav https://home.cern/science/cern/fcc-study-media-kit
- Yav Tom Ntej Circular Collider https://home.cern/science/accelerators/future-circular-collider
- FCC: physics rooj plaub. 27 Peb 2024. https://cerncourier.com/a/fcc-the-physics-case/
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Lwm yam khoom:
- Particle colliders rau kev kawm ntawm "Lub ntug thaum ntxov heev": Muon collider ua qauv qhia (31 Lub Kaum Hli 2024)
- CERN ua kev zoo siab rau 70 xyoo ntawm Kev Tshawb Fawb Txog Kev Tshawb Fawb hauv Physics (Lub Ob Hlis 2, 2024)
- Peb ua dab tsi thaum kawg? Dab tsi yog Lub Tsev Blocks ntawm Lub Ntiaj Teb? (Lub Kaum Ib Hlis 8, 2021)
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Qee cov yeeb yaj kiab qhia txog FCC:
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 that the Standard Model cannot address, one may need to look beyond the Standard Model of particle physics and explore the possible existence of new, lighter particles that interact very weakly with Standard Model particles, as well as explore the existence of new, heavier particles beyond the reach of existing LHC facility. The proposed Future Circular Collider (FCC) would make it possible to search for the existence of such fundamental particles beyond the Standard Model.){kind=link}