NISAR (lub ntsiab lus rau NASA-ISRO Synthetic Aperture Radar lossis NASA-ISRO SAR), lub luag haujlwm sib koom ua ke ntawm NASA thiab ISRO, tau ua tiav rau hauv qhov chaw thaum Lub Xya Hli 30, 2025. NISAR lub hom phiaj yog kawm txog av thiab dej khov deformation, thaj av ecosystems, thiab thaj chaw dej hiav txwv. Nruab nrog lub cim dual-band Synthetic Aperture Radar uas ua haujlwm tshiab SweepSAR cov txheej txheem los muab cov kev daws teeb meem siab thiab cov duab loj loj, NISAR yuav ua raws li daim ntawv qhia ntiaj teb nrog rau cov txheej txheem tseem ceeb xws li ecosystem cuam tshuam, ice-daim ntawv vau, ntuj tsim kev puas tsuaj, dej hiav txwv nce, thiab cov teeb meem hauv av. Nws yuav saib xyuas thiab ntsuas qhov tseeb ntawm qhov ntsuas centimeter ntawm cov kev hloov pauv hauv lub ntiaj teb thaj av thiab cov dej khov ob zaug txhua 12 hnub. Cov ntaub ntawv sau los ntawm lub hom phiaj yuav muaj kev ywj pheej thiab qhib tau raws li txoj cai qhib kev siv los pab pej xeem cov cai tswj hwm cov peev txheej ntuj thiab kev puas tsuaj ntuj tsim. Kev tshawb fawb siv cov ntaub ntawv yuav txhim kho peb txoj kev nkag siab ntawm lub ntiaj teb lub pob zeb thiab qhov cuam tshuam thiab kev hloov pauv huab cua.
Cov kws tshawb fawb hauv ntiaj teb tau siv zog los saib xyuas lub ntiaj teb saum npoo av saum ntuj los saib xyuas huab cua, huab cua, qoob loo, hav zoov, hav dej, roob, roob hluav taws, dej hiav txwv, qhov chaw ntawm kev puas tsuaj ntuj xws li av qeeg, dej nyab, cua daj cua dub, tsunami thiab cov chaw uas muaj tswv yim tseem ceeb thiab lwm yam rau kev npaj thiab kev npaj zoo rau pej xeem. Kev txhim kho thev naus laus zis pom kev siv cov cua kub huab cua balloons ua raws li cov dav hlau customized. Ob leeg muaj kev txwv tshwj xeeb ntawm lub sijhawm thiab thaj chaw ntawm kev pabcuam uas tau hais los ntawm kev tuaj txog Lub Ntiaj Teb Saib Xyuas satellites hauv 1960s tom qab kev nce qib hauv qhov chaw thev naus laus zis. Cov satellites no saib ntau yam tshwm sim nyob rau saum npoo ntawm lub ntiaj teb los ntawm qhov chaw siv optical (pom, ze-infrared, infrared) sensors lossis microwave sensor ntsia rau ntawm lawv. Txij li thaum microwaves hla huab cua, satellites nruab nrog lub microwave sensors tuaj yeem ua kev soj ntsuam ntawm lub ntiaj teb saum npoo tsis hais hnub thiab hmo ntuj lossis huab cua.
TIROS-1 yog thawj lub ntiaj teb soj ntsuam satellite. Tshaj tawm xyoo 1960 los ntawm NASA, nws tau tshaj tawm thawj cov duab ntawm lub ntiaj teb huab cua hauv tsev. Thawj lub ntiaj teb soj ntsuam satellite tshwj xeeb tsim los kawm thiab saib xyuas lub ntiaj teb cov av loj yog Landsat 1, uas tau tsim los ntawm NASA hauv xyoo 1971. Txij thaum ntawd los, muaj kev loj hlob tsis tu ncua hauv ntiaj teb kev soj ntsuam satellites hauv qhov chaw. Nyob rau hauv 2008, muaj txog 150 lub satellites nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb lub orbit. Tus lej tau nce mus rau 950 hauv 2021. Tam sim no, muaj ntau dua 1100 lub ntiaj teb soj ntsuam satellites hauv qhov chaw. NISAR yog qhov tshiab tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv series ntawm lub ntiaj teb soj ntsuam satellites.
NISAR (lub ntsiab lus rau NASA-ISRO Synthetic Aperture Radar lossis NASA-ISRO SAR), lub luag haujlwm sib koom ua ke ntawm NASA thiab ISRO, tau ua tiav hauv qhov chaw thaum Lub Xya Hli 30, 2025.
| Lub hom phiaj ntawm NISAR Lub Hom Phiaj |
| NISAR lub hom phiaj lub hom phiaj yog los kawm txog thaj av thiab dej khov deformation, thaj av ecosystems, thiab thaj chaw dej hiav txwv. Cov ntaub ntawv khaws tseg yuav pab saib xyuas kev hloov pauv ntawm cov nroj tsuag biomass, qoob loo qauv, thiab cov av ntub dej. Nws tseem yuav qhia txog Greenland's & Antarctica cov dej khov nab kuab, cov dej khov dej hiav txwv thiab roob glaciers thiab qhia txog cov av deformation cuam tshuam nrog seismicity, volcanism, landslides, thiab subsidence thiab uplift cuam tshuam nrog kev hloov hauv subsurface aquifers, hydrocarbon reservoirs, thiab lwm yam. |
Tam sim no, lub hom phiaj yog nyob rau theem 1 thiab yuav sai sai rau theem 2 thaum kav hlau txais xov yuav raug xa mus. Tag nrho cov commissioning yuav tsum tau ua kom tiav nyob rau hauv 90 hnub txij li thaum lub community launch thaum lub hom phiaj yuav nkag mus rau hauv science ua hauj lwm theem.
| Theem ntawm NISAR Lub Hom Phiaj |
| Theem 1 (Xaiv): (Xyoo tom qab tso tawm hnub 0-9): Launched onboard GSLV-F16 tso tsheb rau ntawm 30 Lub Xya hli ntuj 2025 los ntawm Sriharikota nyob rau sab qab teb sab hnub tuaj ntawm Indian ceg av qab teb. |
| Theem 2: Kev xa tawm (Tom qab hnub tso tawm 10-18): Lub dav hlau nqa ib tug loj reflector ntawm 12 m txoj kab uas hla los ua ib tug radar kav hlau txais xov. Nws yuav siv nyob rau hauv orbit 9m deb ntawm lub satellite los ntawm ib tug complex multistage deployable boom system. Cov txheej txheem ntawm kev xa cov kav hlau txais xov pib rau hnub 10 los ntawm kev tso tawm (li no "Lub Hom Phiaj Hnub 10" sib raug rau "Deploy Day 1") nrog rau kev xa mus ua ntej thiab ua tiav rau hnub xa tawm 8 nrog lub satellite ua 'yaw manoeuvre' (kev sib hloov) rau taw qhia nws tus kheej lub voj voog kom raug, tom qab ntawd qhib lub voj voog. |
| Theem 3: Kev Ua Haujlwm Txog rau hnub 90 los ntawm kev tshaj tawm tom qab xa cov kav hlau txais xov, txhua lub tshuab yuav raug kuaj xyuas thiab ntsuas hauv kev npaj rau kev ua haujlwm tshawb fawb. |
| Theem 4: Kev ua haujlwm Science Thaum lub sijhawm ua haujlwm tiav lawm, kev tshawb fawb theem pib thiab txuas ntxiv mus txog lub luag haujlwm ntawm tsib xyoos. SARs ntes cov ntaub ntawv hais txog kev txav hauv av, daim ntawv dej khov, hav zoov thiab kev siv av thoob plaws ob qho tib si L-band thiab S-band zaus thiab ua rau muaj rau cov kws tshawb fawb thoob ntiaj teb. |
Chaw nres tsheb nyob rau hauv lub hnub synchronous, polar orbit ntawm qhov siab ntawm 747 km thiab nruab nrog ob lub zog microwave hluavtaws aperture radars (SAR), L-Band SAR thiab S-Band SAR, NISAR yog lub hom phiaj microwave duab, nrog lub peev xwm los sau cov ntaub ntawv polarimetric thiab interferometric.
| Technical prowess ntawm NISAR Lub Hom Phiaj |
| NISAR tau nruab nrog qhov tshwj xeeb dual-band Synthetic Aperture Radar uas ntiav cov txheej txheem SweepSAR tshiab los muab cov kev daws teeb meem siab thiab cov duab loj loj. Synthetic aperture radar (SAR) tsim cov duab zoo los ntawm kev daws teeb meem-tsim radar system. |
NISAR yog tsim los tsim kom muaj kev sib koom ua ke hauv ntiaj teb nrog rau cov txheej txheem tseem ceeb xws li kev cuam tshuam ecosystem, dej khov-dawb vau, xwm txheej, dej hiav txwv nce, thiab teeb meem dej hauv av. Nws yuav saib xyuas thiab ntsuas qhov tseeb ntawm qhov ntsuas centimeter ntawm cov kev hloov pauv hauv lub ntiaj teb thaj av thiab cov dej khov ob zaug txhua 12 hnub.
Cov ntaub ntawv sau los ntawm L-band thiab S-band SARs ntawm NISAR lub hom phiaj yuav muaj kev ywj pheej thiab qhib rau pej xeem, pej xeem cov tub ceev xwm thiab cov kws tshawb fawb raws li txoj cai qhib qhib. Nws yuav pab cov tub ceev xwm tswj hwm cov peev txheej ntuj thiab kev puas tsuaj ntuj zoo dua. Kev tshawb fawb siv cov ntaub ntawv yuav txhim kho peb txoj kev nkag siab ntawm lub ntiaj teb lub pob zeb thiab qhov cuam tshuam thiab kev hloov pauv huab cua.
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References:
- Lub ntiaj teb Data. Tam sim no NISAR Launched, Nov yog qhov koj tuaj yeem xav tau los ntawm cov ntaub ntawv. Tshaj tawm Lub Yim Hli 4, 2025. Muaj nyob ntawm https://www.earthdata.nasa.gov/news/now-that-nisar-launched-heres-what-you-can-expect-from-the-data
- NASA. NISAR (NASA-ISRO Synthetic Aperture Radar). Muaj nyob ntawm https://science.nasa.gov/mission/nisar/
- ISRO. NISAR - NASA ISRO Synthetic Aperture Radar Lub Hom Phiaj. Muaj nyob ntawm https://www.isro.gov.in/Mission_GSLVF16_NISAR_Home.html https://www.isro.gov.in/media_isro/pdf/GSLV_F16NISAR_Launch_Brochure.pdf
- Rosen PA et al., 2025. NASA-ISRO SAR Lub Hom Phiaj: Cov ntsiab lus. IEEE Geoscience thiab Remote Sensing Magazine. 16 Lub Xya hli ntuj 2025. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/MGRS.2025.3578258
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, a joint collaborative mission of NASA and ISRO, was successfully launched into space on 30 July 2025. NISAR mission’s aim is to study land and ice deformation, land ecosystems, and oceanic regions. Equipped with the unique dual-band Synthetic Aperture Radar that employs novel SweepSAR technique to provide high resolution and large swath imagery, NISAR will systematically map Earth including the key processes like ecosystem disturbances, ice-sheet collapse, natural hazards, sea level rise, and groundwater issues. It will monitor and make precise measurement at centimetre scale of changes in Earth's landmass and ice regions twice every 12 days. The data collected by the mission will be freely and openly available in line with open access policy to help public authorities better manage natural resources and natural disasters. Studies using the data will improve our understanding of Earth’s crust and the impact and pace of climate change.){kind=link}