cov ob-helix kev teeb tsa ntawm DNA tau pom thawj zaug thiab tshaj tawm hauv phau ntawv journal Nature thaum lub Plaub Hlis 1953 los ntawm Rosalind Franklin (1). Txawm li cas los xij, nws tsis tau txais Nobel nqi zog rau lub foundations ntawm ob chav helix qauv ntawm DNA. Cov credit thiab kev lees paub nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm Nobel khoom plig tau muab faib los ntawm peb lwm tus neeg.
Muaj kev nkag siab zoo ntawm cov zej zog kev tshawb fawb uas Rosalind Franklin tsis tau txais txiaj ntsig Nobel rau nws qhov kev tshawb pom tau hais los saum no, vim tias Nobel khoom plig tsis tau muab tom qab, thiab qhov tseeb tias nws tau tuag ua ntej (hauv 1958), thaum lub Nobel nqi zog rau lub foundations ntawm tus qauv ntawm DNA tau muab tsub rau xyoo 1962.
Txawm li cas los xij, qhov no yog qhov tsis raug vim kev muab Nobel Cov nqi zog tsis tau muab tsub rau tom qab tsuas yog xyoo 1974. Ua ntej xyoo 1974, tsis muaj bar raws li tus pej thuam ntawm Nobel foundation rau kev muab khoom plig rau cov khoom plig tom qab thiab qhov tseeb, ob tus neeg tau txais khoom plig tom qab xyoo 1931 thiab 1961. Muab hauv qab no yog cov excerpt los ntawm Quick Facts nplooj ntawv ntawm Nobel nqi zog lub vev xaib hais txog qhov no.
"Los ntawm 1974, lub Cai ntawm Nobel Foundation tau hais tias qhov khoom plig tsis tuaj yeem muab khoom plig tom qab, tshwj tsis yog kev tuag tau tshwm sim tom qab tshaj tawm ntawm Nobel nqi zog. Ua ntej 1974, Nobel nqi zog tsuas yog tau txais khoom plig tom qab ob zaug: mus Dag Hammarskjöld (Nobel Peace Prize 1961) thiab Erik Axel Karlfeldt (Nobel nqi zog hauv ntawv nyeem 1931). 7
Qhov no txhais tau hais tias nws txoj kev tuag ntxov tsis yog vim li cas nws tsis tau txais khoom plig. Puas yog nws yooj yim tsis quav ntsej vim qhov tseeb tias Nobel nqi zog tsuas yog sib koom ntawm peb tus neeg raws li txoj cai ntawm Nobel foundation? Muab rau hauv qab no yog qhov excerpt los ntawm Quick Facts nplooj ntawv ntawm Nobel nqi zog lub vev xaib hais txog qhov no.
“Nyob hauv lub cov cai ntawm Nobel Foundation nws hais tias: “Ib qho khoom plig yuav muab sib npaug ntawm ob txoj haujlwm, txhua qhov uas suav tias yog khoom plig. Yog tias ib qho haujlwm uas tau muab nqi zog tau tsim los ntawm ob lossis peb tus neeg, qhov khoom plig yuav tsum muab rau lawv ua ke. Tsis muaj ib qho twg yuav muab khoom plig faib ntawm ntau dua peb tus neeg. "
Puas yog txoj cai no muaj feem cuam tshuam raws li feem ntau ntawm cov kev tshawb pom tau tsim los ntawm pab pawg kws tshawb fawb ua haujlwm hauv kev sib koom tes? Yuav tsum tau rov mus xyuas Nobel foundations?
Thaum kawg, cov ntsiab lus ntawm Nobel Prize rau Physiology lossis Tshuaj hauv xyoo 1962 hais tias, "Wilkins thiab nws cov npoj yaig Rosalind Franklin tau muab cov qauv X-ray diffraction tseem ceeb uas Watson thiab Crick siv, nrog rau cov ntaub ntawv los ntawm ntau lwm cov kws tshawb fawb, los tsim kom muaj qhov tseeb. qauv ntawm DNA 's structure.” 3.
Txawm li cas los xij, lub npe ntawm Nature tshaj tawm nyob rau lub Plaub Hlis 1953 los ntawm Franklin thiab Gosling tau hais meej meej "Cov pov thawj rau 2-Chain Helix hauv Crystalline Structure ntawm Sodium Deoxyribonucleate"1. Tsis muaj laj thawj los tawm tsam qhov tseeb no thiab nws tseem yog qhov tsis txaus ntseeg vim li cas nws tau raug saib xyuas los ntawm Pawg Neeg Nobel uas tau txais txiaj ntsig Nobel rau qhov kev tshawb pom no.
Ntxiv nrog rau cov ntsiab lus saum toj no, nws zoo nkaus li tias qhov kev lees paub thiab credit rau qhov kev tshawb pom tseem ceeb uas tau ua feem ntau yog muab rau cov kws tshawb fawb tom qab qhov kev tshawb pom tau sawv kev sim ntawm lub sijhawm uas yog qhov muaj txiaj ntsig thiab muaj txiaj ntsig. Qhov no txhais tau hais tias cov kws tshawb fawb yuav tsum tau nyob ntev heev tom qab lawv qhov kev tshawb pom tau ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam. Ib qho piv txwv classic rau qhov no yog cov pov thawj hauv kev txhawb nqa ntawm Einstein txoj kev xav ntawm kev sib raug zoo uas tuaj txog 100 xyoo tom qab. Yog tias Einstein tseem muaj sia nyob tam sim no, nws yuav tau raug xaiv tsa thiab muaj peev xwm muab khoom plig Nobel rau nws txoj haujlwm hais lus. Kev hloov pauv ntawm txoj cai ntawm Nobel foundation hauv 1974 tau txwv tsis pub muaj khoom plig yuav tau txais txiaj ntsig tom qab thiab vim li no, txoj cai no tsim kev tsis txaus ntseeg nyob rau hauv tus txheej txheem ntawm kev lees paub thiab vim li cas rau kev tshawb pom rau tus neeg muaj cai.
Puas yog qhov ntawd txhais tau hais tias qhov khoom plig Nobel uas tau dhau los ua tus qauv kub rau kev muab credit thiab kev lees paub rau kev tshawb pom hauv kev tshawb fawb yuav tsum rov mus xyuas nws cov cai kom muaj kev lees paub raug muab rau cov kev tshawb pom uas tau muab txiaj ntsig zoo tshaj plaws rau tib neeg raws li tau hais los ntawm lub siab nyiam. ntawm Alfred Nobel.
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References:
- FRANKLIN, R., GOSLING, R. Cov pov thawj rau 2-Chain Helix hauv Crystalline Structure ntawm Sodium Deoxyribonucleate. Xwm Txheej 172, 156–157 (1953). DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/172156a0
- Nobel nqi zog 1962. Deciphering Life's Enigma Code. Muaj nyob online https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/1962/speedread/
- Maddox, B. Ob chav helix thiab 'wronged heroine'. Xwm Txheej 421, 407–408 (2003). https://doi.org/10.1038/nature01399
- Elkin LO., 2003. Rosalind Franklin thiab ob lub helix. Physics Today, 2003. California State University, Hayward. Muaj nyob online ntawm http://mcb.berkeley.edu/courses/mcb61/Rosalind_Franklin_Physics_Today.pdf
- Xwm 2020. Rosalind Franklin yog ntau tshaj li qhov 'tsis ncaj ncees lawm heroine' ntawm DNA Xwm txheej 583, 492 (2020). DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/d41586-020-02144-4
- Nobel Foundation 2020. Nobel nqi zog qhov tseeb - Posthumous Nobel nqi zog. Muaj nyob online ntawm https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/facts/nobel-prize-facts/ Tau txais los ntawm Lub Yim Hli 02, 2020.
- Nobel Foundation 2020. Statutes of the Nobel Foundation. Muaj nyob online ntawm https://www.nobelprize.org/about/statutes-of-the-nobel-foundation/#par4 Tau txais los ntawm Lub Yim Hli 02, 2020.
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