Cov kab mob henipaviruses, Hendra virus (HeV) thiab Nipah virus (NiV) paub tias ua rau tib neeg muaj kab mob tuag taus. Xyoo 2022, Langya henipavirus (LayV), ib hom kab mob henipavirus tshiab tau pom nyob rau sab hnub tuaj Suav teb rau cov neeg mob kub taub hau uas paub tias tau raug tsiaj txhu . Hauv kev tshawb fawb tsis ntev los no, cov kws tshawb fawb tau tshaj tawm thawj zaug pom ob hom kab mob henipaviruses tshiab los ntawm ob lub raum ntawm cov nas uas nyob hauv vaj txiv hmab ze ntawm cov zos hauv xeev Yunnan ntawm Suav teb. Ob hom kab mob henipaviruses tshiab no yog cov kab mob sib txawv thiab muaj feem cuam tshuam nrog cov kab mob Hendra thiab Nipah uas ua rau tuag taus. Qhov no ua rau muaj kev txhawj xeeb txog kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev kis tus kab mob vim tias cov nas txiv hmab (Pteropus) yog cov tsiaj txhu uas feem ntau kis mus rau tib neeg thiab tsiaj txhu los ntawm cov khoom noj uas muaj cov zis lossis cov qaub ncaug ntawm nas.
Tus kab mob Hendra (HeV) thiab tus kab mob Nipah (NiV) ntawm genus Henipavirus belongs rau Paramyxoviridae tsev neeg ntawm cov kab mob no heev pathogenic. Lawv genome muaj ib leeg-stranded RNA ncig los ntawm ib lub hnab ntawv ntawm lipid. Ob leeg tau tshwm sim yav dhau los tsis ntev los no. Tus kab mob Hendra (HeV) tau pom thawj zaug hauv xyoo 1994-95 los ntawm kev tshwm sim hauv Hendra suburb hauv Brisbane, Australia thaum muaj ntau tus nees thiab lawv cov kws qhia kis mob thiab tuag rau tus kab mob ntsws nrog ntshav los ntshav. Tus kab mob Nipah (NiV) tau pom thawj zaug ob peb xyoos tom qab xyoo 1998 hauv Nipah, Malaysia tom qab muaj kev sib kis hauv zos. Txij thaum ntawd los, muaj ntau qhov xwm txheej ntawm NiV thoob plaws ntiaj teb hauv ntau lub tebchaws tshwj xeeb hauv Malaysia, Bangladesh, thiab Is Nrias teb. Cov kab mob no feem ntau cuam tshuam nrog kev tuag siab ntawm tib neeg thiab tsiaj txhu. Cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo puav (Pteropus hom) yog lawv cov tsiaj txhu ntuj. Kev kis tau tshwm sim los ntawm cov puav ntawm cov qaub ncaug, tso zis, thiab tso tawm mus rau tib neeg. Npua yog tus tswv tsev nruab nrab rau Nipah thaum nees yog tus tswv nruab nrab rau HeV thiab NiV.
Hauv tib neeg, cov kab mob HeV muaj cov tsos mob zoo li mob khaub thuas ua ntej ua rau tuag taus encephalitis thaum cov kab mob NiV feem ntau tshwm sim raws li kev puas hlwb thiab mob encephalitis thiab, qee zaum, mob ua pa. Kev kis tus neeg mus rau ib tus neeg tshwm sim nyob rau theem kawg ntawm kev kis kab mob.
Henipaviruses yog cov kab mob zoonotic sai sai. Thaum Lub Rau Hli 2022, tus kab mob Angavokely (AngV) tau txheeb pom hauv cov zis kuaj los ntawm cov tsiaj qus, Madagascar txiv hmab txiv ntoo puav. Tom qab ntawd, Langya henipavirus (LayV) tau txheeb xyuas los ntawm lub caj pas swab ntawm cov neeg mob febrile thaum lub sijhawm soj ntsuam hauv Suav teb Lub Yim Hli 2022.
Hauv kev tshawb fawb luam tawm thaum Lub Rau Hli 24, 2025, cov kws tshawb fawb tau txheeb xyuas ob tus kab mob henipavirus tshiab, uas yog cov kab mob sib txuas thiab muaj kev sib raug zoo nrog cov kab mob Hendra (HeV) thiab Nipah virus (NiV). Txij li cov puav yog cov dej hauv dej ntawm cov kab mob thiab lub raum tuaj yeem muaj ntau yam kab mob, cov kws tshawb fawb hauv qhov kev tshawb fawb no, tsis zoo li feem ntau ntawm cov kev tshawb fawb yav dhau los uas tau tsom mus rau cov qauv fecal, soj ntsuam cov kab mob raum rau cov kab mob, kab mob thiab lwm yam kab mob. Lub raum cov ntaub so ntswg kawm tau sau los ntawm 142 bats uas yog nyob rau hauv kaum hom puav ntawm tsib qhov chaw hauv Yunnan xeev ntawm Tuam Tshoj. Kev tshawb nrhiav tag nrho cov kab mob ntawm lub raum tau pom muaj ntau yam kab mob uas suav nrog 20 tus kab mob tshiab. Ob ntawm cov kab mob tshiab tau koom nrog henipaviruses genus thiab muaj feem cuam tshuam nrog rau tus kab mob Hendra thiab Nipah tuag. Cov kab mob raum uas muaj ob tus kab mob henipavirus tshiab no yog cov puav uas nyob hauv ib lub vaj txiv hmab ze ntawm cov zos. Qhov no ua rau muaj kev txhawj xeeb txog qhov muaj peev xwm spillover vim cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo bats (Pteropus) yog cov tswv ntuj ntawm cov kab mob henipaviruses uas feem ntau kis mus rau tib neeg thiab tsiaj txhu los ntawm cov khoom noj uas muaj kab mob bat tso zis los yog qaub ncaug.
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References:
- Kuang G., et al 2025. Kev tshuaj ntsuam kab mob ntawm lub raum ntawm lub raum los ntawm Yunnan xeev, Tuam Tshoj, nthuav tawm cov kab mob henipaviruses tshiab ntsig txog Hendra thiab Nipah cov kab mob thiab cov kab mob loj heev thiab cov kab mob eukaryotic. PLOS Pathogen. Published: 24 June 2025. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1013235
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Lwm yam khoom:
- Tus kab mob Novel Langya (LayV) tau txheeb xyuas hauv Suav teb (10 Lub Yim Hli 2022)
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 and Nipah virus (NiV) are known to cause fatal diseases in humans. In 2022, Langya henipavirus (LayV), a novel henipavirus was identified in Eastern China in febrile patients with known recent history of exposure to animals. In a recent study, researchers report the first detection of two novel henipaviruses from kidneys of bats inhabiting orchard near villages in Yunnan province of China. The two newly emerged henipaviruses are phylogenetically distinct strains and are closely related to lethal Hendra and Nipah viruses. This raises concern about potential spillover risk since fruit bats (Pteropus) are natural hosts of henipaviruses which are usually transmitted to humans and livestock through food contaminated with bat urine or saliva.){kind=link}