Ib txoj hauv kev rau kev txhim kho cov tshuaj nrog tsawg dua qhov tsis xav tau

Ib txoj kev tshawb nrhiav tau pom txoj hauv kev los tsim cov tshuaj / tshuaj uas muaj tsawg dua qhov tsis xav tau kev phiv ntau dua li peb niaj hnub no

Cov tshuaj niaj hnub no los ntawm ntau qhov chaw sib txawv. Cov kev phiv tshuaj yog ib qho teeb meem loj. Cov kev phiv tshuaj uas tsis xav tau uas tsis tshua muaj lossis pom ntau yog qhov ua rau ntxhov siab heev thiab qee zaum tuaj yeem ua rau mob hnyav heev. Cov tshuaj uas tsis muaj lossis tsawg dua cov kev phiv me me tuaj yeem siv los ntawm feem coob ntawm cov neeg thiab yuav raug cim tias muaj kev nyab xeeb dua. Cov tshuaj uas muaj cov kev phiv loj dua tsuas yog siv tau rau hauv qhov xwm txheej uas tsis muaj lwm txoj hauv kev thiab yuav tsum tau saib xyuas. Qhov zoo tshaj plaws, cov tshuaj uas muaj tsawg dua lossis tsis muaj cov kev phiv tshuaj uas tsis xav tau yuav yog qhov zoo rau kev kho mob. Nws yog lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb thiab tseem yog qhov kev sib tw rau cov kws tshawb fawb thoob ntiaj teb los tsim cov tshuaj tshiab uas tsis muaj cov kev phiv loj heev.

Lub cev tib neeg yog ib qho qauv nyuaj heev uas tsim los ntawm cov tshuaj uas yuav tsum tau tswj hwm kom ua haujlwm tau zoo ntawm peb lub cev. Feem ntau cov tshuaj muaj cov tshuaj sib xyaw ua ke uas muaj cov molecules. Cov molecules tseem ceeb hu ua "chiral molecules" lossis enantiomers. Chiral molecules zoo ib yam thiab muaj tib tus lej ntawm cov atoms. Tab sis lawv yog "daim iav duab" ntawm ib leeg piv txwv li ib nrab ntawm lawv yog sab laug tes thiab ib nrab ntxiv yog sab xis tes. Qhov sib txawv no hauv lawv "kev siv tes" ua rau lawv tsim cov teebmeem sib txawv ntawm lub cev. Qhov sib txawv no tau kawm txog kom zoo thiab nws tau taw qhia tias cov molecules chiral raug yog qhov tseem ceeb heev rau cov tshuaj / tshuaj kom ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam zoo, txwv tsis pub cov molecules chiral "yuam kev" tuaj yeem tsim cov txiaj ntsig tsis xav tau. Kev sib cais ntawm cov molecules chiral yog ib kauj ruam tseem ceeb heev rau kev nyab xeeb tshuaj . Cov txheej txheem no yog tias tsis yooj yim, kim heev thiab feem ntau xav tau txoj hauv kev kho rau txhua hom molecule. Cov txheej txheem sib cais yooj yim uas tsis tau tsim txog niaj hnub no. Yog li ntawd, peb tseem nyob deb ntawm lub sijhawm uas txhua yam tshuaj ntawm lub txee ntawm lub tsev muag tshuaj yuav tsis muaj cov kev mob tshwm sim.

Saib yog vim li cas cov tshuaj muaj kev phiv

Nyob rau hauv kev tshawb fawb tsis ntev los no luam tawm hauv Science , cov kws tshawb fawb los ntawm Hebrew University of Jerusalem thiab Weizmann Institute of Science tau tshawb pom ib txoj kev sib xws tsis tshwj xeeb uas kev sib cais ntawm sab laug thiab sab xis chiral molecules hauv ib qho tshuaj lom neeg tuaj yeem ua tiav tau yooj yim hauv txoj kev pheej yig 1. Lawv txoj haujlwm zoo li pragmatic thiab yooj yim heev. Txoj kev uas lawv tau tsim yog raws li cov hlau nplaum. Chiral molecules cuam tshuam nrog lub magnetic substrate thiab sib sau ua ke raws li kev coj ntawm lawv "handedness" piv txwv li "sab laug" molecules cuam tshuam nrog ib tug ncej tshwj xeeb ntawm lub hlau nplaum, thaum "sab xis" molecules cuam tshuam nrog lwm tus ncej. Cov thev naus laus zis no zoo li muaj tseeb thiab tuaj yeem siv los ntawm cov tshuaj lom neeg thiab cov chaw tsim tshuaj kom khaws cov molecules zoo (txawm tias sab laug lossis sab xis) hauv tshuaj thiab tshem tawm cov phem uas yog lub luag haujlwm rau kev ua rau muaj kev phiv tsis zoo lossis tsis xav tau.

Txhim kho tshuaj thiab lwm yam

Txoj kev tshawb fawb no yuav ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev tsim cov tshuaj zoo dua thiab muaj kev nyab xeeb dua siv txoj kev sib cais yooj yim thiab pheej yig. Qee cov tshuaj nrov niaj hnub no muag hauv lawv cov ntawv chirally-pure (piv txwv li daim ntawv sib cais) tab sis cov ntaub ntawv no tsuas yog kwv yees li 13% ntawm tag nrho cov tshuaj muaj nyob hauv kev ua lag luam. Yog li, kev sib cais yog pom zoo los ntawm cov tub ceev xwm tswj hwm tshuaj. Cov lus qhia kho dua tshiab yuav tsum tau ua tiav los ntawm cov tuam txhab tshuaj kom suav nrog qhov no thiab ua cov tshuaj uas muaj kev nyab xeeb dua thiab txhim khu kev qha. Txoj kev tshawb fawb no kuj tseem siv tau rau cov khoom xyaw zaub mov, cov khoom noj khoom haus ntxiv thiab lwm yam thiab tuaj yeem tsa cov khoom noj khoom haus zoo thiab pab txhim kho lub neej. Txoj kev tshawb fawb no kuj tseem ceeb heev rau cov tshuaj siv hauv kev ua liaj ua teb - tshuaj tua kab thiab chiv - vim tias cov tshuaj agrochemicals sib cais chirally yuav ua rau muaj kev ua qias tuaj rau ib puag ncig tsawg dua thiab yuav pab txhawb rau cov txiaj ntsig siab dua.

Ib txoj kev tshawb fawb thib ob uas cov kws tshawb fawb ntawm Australian National University tau ua tau qhia tias kev nkag siab txog cov ntsiab lus molecular ntawm cov tshuaj lossis tshuaj ua haujlwm li cas tuaj yeem pab peb nrhiav txoj hauv kev los txo cov kev mob tshwm sim tsis xav tau hauv lawv 2. Rau thawj zaug, kev tshawb fawb ntawm cov theem molecular tau ua los nrhiav kev zoo sib xws ntawm rau cov tshuaj uas siv rau kev txo qhov mob, kev siv tshuaj loog rau kws kho hniav thiab kev kho mob qaug dab peg. Cov kws tshawb fawb tau khiav cov kev sim computer loj dua thiab nyuaj dua siv cov supercomputers los kos duab ntawm cov tshuaj no ua li cas. Lawv tau kos cov lus qhia txog cov ntsiab lus molecular ntawm cov tshuaj no yuav cuam tshuam rau ib feem ntawm lub cev li cas thiab yuav ua rau muaj kev mob tshwm sim tsis xav tau hauv lwm feem ntawm lub cev. Kev nkag siab txog qib molecular zoo li no tuaj yeem coj hauv txhua qhov kev tshawb nrhiav tshuaj thiab kev tsim qauv.

Puas yog cov kev tshawb fawb no txhais tau tias yuav muaj ib hnub sai sai thaum cov tshuaj yuav tsis muaj kev phiv txawm tias mob me lossis hnyav? Peb lub cev yog ib tug heev complex system thiab ntau yam mechanisms nyob rau hauv peb lub cev yog interlinked rau ib leeg. Cov kev tshawb fawb no tau ua rau muaj kev cia siab ntawm cov tshuaj los yog tshuaj uas yuav muaj tsawg heev thiab mob me me thiab uas nkag siab zoo.

***

Qhov (s)

1. Banerjee-Ghosh K et al 2018. Kev sib cais ntawm enantiomers los ntawm lawv qhov kev sib cuam tshuam enantiospecific nrog achiral magnetic substrates. Science . eaar4265. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aar4265

2. Buyan A et al. 2018. Lub xeev protonation ntawm cov inhibitors txiav txim siab qhov chaw sib cuam tshuam hauv cov channel sodium-gated voltage. Cov txheej txheem ntawm National Academy of Sciences . 115 (14). https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1714131115

***

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