Tam sim no nws yog lub suab thoob ntiaj teb hais tias homeopathy yog 'scientifically implausible' thiab 'ethically unacceptable' thiab yuav tsum tau 'tsis lees paub' los ntawm kev kho mob sector.
Cov tub ceev xwm saib xyuas kev noj qab haus huv tam sim no tsis pom zoo rau kev nkim tsoomfwv thiab cov peev nyiaj thiab cov peev txheej ntawm 'tsis muaj tseeb' homeopathy vim qhov no tsuas yog muab kev ntseeg siab rau qhov kev coj ua tsis zoo no thiab ua rau tib neeg lub neej muaj kev pheej hmoo los ntawm kev zam lossis tsis lees paub lawv cov tshuaj thiab kev saib xyuas kom raug. Lub implausibility ntawm homeopathy tam sim no tau tsim ntau heev vim hais tias cov tshuaj homeopathic yog diluted heev yog li tsis tshua muaj ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm cov "hu ua" cov khoom xyaw nquag thiab yog li tsis tuaj yeem muaj kev cuam tshuam rau tus neeg mob. Kuj tseem tsis muaj pov thawj pom tseeb los txhawb nws txoj kev ua tau zoo txawm tias muaj ntau txoj kev tshawb fawb tau ua.
European Academies Science Advisory Council (EASAC), lub koom haum lub kaus sawv cev rau 29 lub tebchaws kev kawm hauv Tebchaws Europe tau hu rau cov kev cai nruj dua los tswj kev sib kis. homeopathy nyob rau hauv lawv tsab ntawv ceeb toom luam tawm tsis ntev los no1. Themember academies tam sim no txhawb kev thuam hnyav ntawm ntau yam kev noj qab haus huv thiab kev tshawb fawb tau thov rau homeopathic tshuaj cov khoom. Kev tshuaj xyuas thiab kev txiav txim siab hauv tsab ntawv ceeb toom no yog ua raws li kev soj ntsuam zoo, tsis ncaj ncees rau kev tshawb fawb uas twb tau tshaj tawm los ntawm cov tub ceev xwm raug cai. Pab neeg no tau hais ntxiv tias thaum nws yog qhov zoo kom muaj lwm txoj hauv kev rau kev kho mob tab sis tag nrho cov no yuav tsum nruj me ntsis los ntawm cov pov thawj thiab tsis yog qee qhov kev xav ntawm kev xav uas ua rau cov neeg mob muaj kev pheej hmoo ntxiv.
Homeopathy: ib tug scientific implausibility
Ua ntej thiab foremost, lub hauv paus tseem ceeb ntawm homeopathy yog scientific implausible. Muaj qhov tsis muaj kev tshawb fawb txog kev txhawb nqa rau txhua yam sib txawv uas tau thov los ntawm homeopathy. Feem ntau ntawm nws cov kev kho mob yog npaj nyob rau hauv umpteen serial dilutions ntawm dej (raws li txoj kev xav hais tias ib tug 'cov khoom' yuav tso nws 'imprint' rau hauv dej) uas ua rau ib tug inconsistent los yog es tsis siv tshuaj uas tsis muaj ib tug kab ntawm cov 'thawj' tshuaj nyob rau hauv. nws. Qhov no mechanism, ua ntej ntawm tag nrho cov, ua tsis ncaj ncees lawm2 vim nws tsis yog plausible los yog demonstrable thiab kuj tsis ua raws li cov hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm tshuaj-receptor sib cuam tshuam ntawm pharmacology3.Cov ntsiab cai no tau tsim los ntev los piav qhia txog kev sib cuam tshuam ntawm cov tshuaj receptor thiab teeb tsa lub hauv paus ntsiab lus rau txhua yam tshuaj / tshuaj thaum xa mus rau ib qho kev lom neeg. Cov ntsiab cai no tau ua pov thawj los ntawm ib ntus los ntawm kev tshawb fawb txuas ntxiv 4. Ntxiv mus, tsis muaj ib qho pov thawj scientific rau ib qho ntawm cov tswv yim thov los ntawm homeopathy nrog rau cov teeb liab electromagnetic (yog tias muaj) thiab cov hu ua 'dej nco'2.
Qhov thib ob, cia peb txheeb xyuas qhov 'mechanism' ntawm homeopathy hauv qhov nthuav dav dua. Saib ntawm cov qauv tshuaj ntawm cov dej, yog tias muaj cov khoom xyaw yaj hauv nws ua raws los ntawm ntau qhov kev sib xyaw ua ke, tom qab ntawd qhov cuam tshuam tiag tiag ntawm cov khoom xyaw hauv dej yuav yog qhov luv heev (hauv nanometers, 10-9 meters) thiab yog li qhov cuam tshuam yuav tsis ntev tshaj li hydration txheej yog li tsis muaj qhov cuam tshuam mus sij hawm ntev. Qhov no yog npaj los ntawm ntau qhov kev tshawb fawb theoretical kev tshawb fawb raws li kev tshawb pom spectroscopy thiab kev ntsuas uas txhais tau hais tias qhov ntev-ntau qhov kev txiav txim molecular cuam tshuam thiab kev cuam tshuam hauv qhov chaw thiab lub sijhawm.5,6. Yog li ntawd, cov qauv tshuaj thiab cov kev hloov pauv ntawm cov dej nws tus kheej tsis lees paub qhov kev thov tau ua tias cov khoom xyaw uas tau yaj hauv dej los ntawm cov txheej txheem dilutions yog tawm hauv ib qho 'imprint' rau nws txhua - lub hauv paus tswv yim uas homeopathy yog raws li- thiab cov lus piav qhia no tau luam tawm ib zaug thiab ntxiv los ua pov thawj qhov kev tsis txaus ntseeg ntawm kev xav txog 'ntev' nco txog dej.7,8.
Cov nyhuv placebo: ntau txoj hauv kev kho mob
Cov kws tshawb fawb hais tias txij li kev kho homeopathic tsis tuaj yeem tshawb fawb tau, thiab homeopathy 'cov tshuaj qab zib' tsis muaj cov khoom xyaw nquag, txhua qhov txiaj ntsig pom ntawm tus neeg mob tuaj yeem yog vim li cas cov placebo - thaum tib neeg ntseeg tias cov tshuaj yuav pab tau. lawv nrog ib tus mob, qhov kev ntseeg no tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev kho mob thiab feem ntau, qhov xwm txheej ntawm kev mob thiab kev rov qab los yuav saib xyuas txhua yam. Cov xwm txheej no pib nthuav tawm qhov kev xav tsis tseeb tias homeopathy yog qhov txiaj ntsig.Ib qho kev txheeb xyuas cov ntaub ntawv ntawm 110 kev sim tshuaj homeopathy thiab 110 qhov sib piv cov tshuaj siv tshuaj sim tau pom.9 Ib qho kev ntsuam xyuas zoo sib xws tau lees paub tias qhov kev kho mob ntawm homeopathy yog cov txheeb cais zoo ib yam li cov tshuaj placebo. Tsis tas li ntawd, qhov kev ntsuam xyuas ntxaws ntawm tsib qhov kev ntsuam xyuas loj loj ntawm cov kev sim homeopathic sib txawv kuj tau xaus rau tib qhov txiaj ntsig.9,10. Hauv qhov kev tshuaj ntsuam no tag nrho cov kev tsis txaus ntseeg, kev tsis ncaj ncees thiab qhov sib txawv ntawm cov lej sib txawv tau raug cais tawm thiab pom tias cov tshuaj homeopathy ua rau cov txiaj ntsig zoo sib xws thaum piv rau cov placebo thiab tsis muaj dab tsi ntxiv.
Lub Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (CDSR)11 yog cov thawj coj, txhim khu kev qha cov ntaub ntawv rau kev tshuaj xyuas hauv kev kho mob.Cov kev tshuaj xyuas no yog cov lus qhia dav dav, suav nrog cov txheej txheem kev tshuaj xyuas cov phooj ywg, cov txheej txheem ntsuas tus qauv thiab qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws yog pob tshab tsom xam cov ntaub ntawv. Cov Kev Ntsuam Xyuas Cochrane ntawm cov kev kho mob homeopathic suav nrog rau cov dementia, mob hawb pob, autism, mob npaws thiab ntau ntxiv thiab cov kev ntsuam xyuas ua tiav hauv cov kev tshuaj xyuas no suav nrog 'tsis muaj' lossis 'tsis txaus' pov thawj los ntsuas cov txiaj ntsig ntawm homeopathy. Kev sib cav tau luam tawm xyoo 2015 hauv British Medical Journal12 showcases ib qho kev ntsuam xyuas ntawm cov ntaub ntawv tham txog kev ua tau zoo ntawm homeopathy thiab kuj cov kev sib tw thov muab los ntawm ntau qhov chaw uas txhawb lossis txhawb kev thov ntawm homeopathy.
Cov lus nug txog kev nyab xeeb thiab zoo
Txij li cov tshuaj homeopathic lossis kev npaj tau ntseeg tias yuav tsum tau diluted mus rau ntau qib, nws zoo heev xav tias tsis muaj lus nug yuav tsum tau hais txog txhua yam kev txhawj xeeb txog kev nyab xeeb. Ntau tus kws tshawb fawb ntseeg tias qhov no yuav tsis yog qhov tseeb hauv kev xyaum. Piv txwv li, hauv daim ntawv tshaj tawm tsis ntev los no, cov khoom pib (belladonna) rau cov tshuaj homeopathic teething rau cov me nyuam mos tau pom tias muaj toxicity thiab nws ua rau muaj kev phom sij rau cov neeg mob.13. Cov ntaub ntawv pov thawj zoo li no - uas tau tshawb xyuas los ntawm Tebchaws Asmeskas Lub Chaw Tswj Xyuas Khoom Noj thiab Tshuaj (FDA) - ntawm qhov tsis muaj kev pom tseeb thiab kev cuam tshuam txog kev nyab xeeb thiab kev ua tau zoo los ntawm cov kws kho mob hauv tsev yog qhov ua rau muaj kev txhawj xeeb thiab xav tau kev saib xyuas tam sim ntawd. Cov kev cai tswjfwm zoo ib yam yuav tsum muaj nyob rau hauv qhov kev ua tau zoo thiab kev nyab xeeb ntawm txhua yam khoom siv homeopathic (siv hauv kev npaj tshuaj) thiab cov no yuav tsum tau ua raws li cov ntaub ntawv pov thawj thiab cov ntaub ntawv pov thawj uas tam sim no tsis yog. Txij li thaum tsis muaj pov thawj pom tseeb, cov khoom siv tshuaj homeopathic tau pom zoo los ntawm cov neeg saib xyuas kev tswj hwm kom tsis tau txais kev pom zoo lossis tseem sau npe txhua.1.
Ua siab ntev rau qhov tsaus ntuj
Qhov tseeb, nrog rau txhua hom kev kho mob, yuav muaj qee qhov qib ntawm cov nyhuv placebo, yog li qhov no tuaj yeem muaj tseeb rau homeopathy. Interestingly, cov neeg txhawb nqa ntawm homeopathy sib cav tias yog tias tus neeg mob hnov cov nyhuv placebo ces muaj 'tseem' muaj txiaj ntsig rau tus neeg mob. Cov kws tshawb fawb tau tawm tsam tias yog tias qhov no yog qhov tseeb tiag tiag thiab homeopaths lees tias 'placebo' tsuas yog qhov txiaj ntsig ces lawv tau dag rau cov neeg mob los ntawm kev thov lwm yam tsis ua tiav thiab tsis qhia meej rau tus neeg mob txog cov txiaj ntsig placebo. Txoj hauv kev no yog tawm tsam tus thawj coj ntawm kev coj ncaj ncees hauv kev kho mob - pob tshab nrog tus neeg mob thiab kev pom zoo rau kev kho mob.
Tsis tas li ntawd, cov kev daws teeb meem homeopathic yeej tsis qhia rau cov neeg mob ua rau lawv tsuas yog kwv yees tag nrho raws li lawv qhov kev kho mob. Rau feem ntau ntawm cov tshuaj homeopathic, lub raj mis tsis raug sau nrog cov khoom xyaw thiab nws yeej tsis tau qhia tias lawv cov kev ua tau zoo yog ua raws li cov kev xav ntawm homeopathic ib txwm tsis muaj kev txhawb nqa ntawm cov tswv yim tshawb fawb. Ntawm qhov tsis sib xws, homeopaths ua cov lus hais ncaj qha lossis cuam tshuam tias lawv cov tshuaj muaj peev xwm kho tau ntau yam mob. Tag nrho cov no yog kev tsis ncaj ncees thiab cov no yog kev dag rau cov pej xeem. Txhawm rau daws qhov no, EASAC, piv txwv li tau teeb tsa cov cai hauv Tebchaws Europe1 kom txo qis dubious thov thiab dag, dag ntxias kev tshaj tawm los ntawm homeopaths. Lawv tau txwv tsis pub tshaj tawm xov xwm txog kev kho mob homeopathic ntawm txhua qhov kev tshaj xov xwm hauv TV thiab pej xeem noj qab haus huv cov kev pab cuam. Txog tam sim no, lawv tau ua nws qhov yuav tsum tau ua rau cov khoom siv tshuaj homeopathic kom paub meej cov khoom xyaw thiab lawv cov nyiaj rau cov neeg mob cov ntaub ntawv.
Yuav tsum ua tam sim no!
Cov kev ntsuas zoo li no yuav tsum tau ua nyob rau hauv cov tebchaws uas homeopathy twb tau nthuav dav xws li Is Nrias teb thiab Brazil. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev uas yuav tsum tau ua kom cov pej xeem paub tias homeopathy tsis ua raws li cov hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm kev coj ncaj ncees thiab mus rau txoj kev no tsuas yog tsim kev ncua tsis tsim nyog hauv kev nrhiav kev kho mob tsim nyog. Nws kuj dhau los ua txoj haujlwm ncaj ncees ntawm txhua tus tus kws kho Cov neeg ua haujlwm los ua ib qho kev tawm tsam ntawm homeopathy thiab tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov kws muag tshuaj uas sim muag cov tshuaj homeopathic tshaj qhov ua tsis ncaj tias lawv muaj ntau dua li cov placebos.Qee zaum, homeopathy tsis meej pem nrog cov khoom ntuj xws li tshuaj ntsuab (qee yam yuav muaj qhov plausibility tsis zoo li homeopathy. ). Yog li ntawd, kev tshaj xov xwm tuaj yeem ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev txhawb nqa kev tshaj tawm cov pov thawj-raws li kev paub txog kev tshawb fawb rau pej xeem.
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{Koj tuaj yeem nyeem cov ntawv tshawb fawb thawj zaug los ntawm nyem rau ntawm DOI qhov txuas tau muab hauv qab no hauv cov npe ntawm cov khoom raug suav nrog}
Qhov (s)
1. EASAC nqe lus hais txog: Cov khoom siv hauv tsev thiab cov kev coj ua: kev soj ntsuam cov pov thawj thiab ua kom muaj kev sib raug zoo hauv kev tswj hwm kev kho mob hauv EU, European Academies', Science Advisory Council (EASAC). [ Nkag mus rau Lub Ob Hlis 4, 2018].
2. Grimes DR 2012. Cov txheej txheem npaj rau homeopathy yog lub cev ua tsis tau. Tsom ntsoov rau Lwm Txoj Kev Kho Mob thiab Ua Ntxiv. 17(3). https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2042-7166.2012.01162.x
3. Tallarida thiab Jacob 1979. Kev Sib Tham Txog Tshuaj-Tshwj xeeb hauv Pharmacology. Springer-Verlag.
4. Aronson JK. 2007. Concentration-effect and dose-response in clinical pharmacology. British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology. 63(3). https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.k2927
5. Anick DJ 2004. High rhiab heev 1H-NMR spectroscopy ntawm homeopathic tshuaj ua nyob rau hauv dej. BMC Complementary thiab Alternative Medicine. 4 (15). https://doi.org/10.1186/1472-6882-4-15
6. Stirnemann G et al. 2013. Mechanisms of acceleration and retardation of water dynamics by ions. Phau ntawv Journal ntawm American Chemical Society. 135 (32). https://doi.org/10.1021/ja405201s
7. Texeira J. 2007. Cov dej puas tuaj yeem muaj lub cim xeeb? Ib tug tsis ntseeg saib. Homeopathy. 96 (3).
8. Jungwirth P. 2011. Physical chemistry: water's wafer-thin surface. Xwm. 474 ib. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature10173
9. Shang A et al. 2005. Puas yog kev kho mob ntawm homeopathy placebo teebmeem? Kev sib piv txoj kev tshawb fawb ntawm cov placebo-tswj kev sim ntawm homeopathy thiab allopathy. Lancet. 366 (9487) https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(05)67177-2
10. Goldacre B 2007. Cov txiaj ntsig thiab kev pheej hmoo ntawm homeopathy. Lub Lancet. 370 (9600).
11. Cochrane Xyuas ntawm homeopathy. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (CDSR) http://www.cochrane.org/search/site/homeopathy. [Tau Txais Lub Ob Hlis 10 2018]
12. Fisher P thiab Ernst E 2015. Cov kws kho mob puas xav kom homeopathy? British Medical Journal. 351. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.h3735
13. Abbasi J. 2017. Amid cov lus ceeb toom ntawm cov me nyuam mos tuag, FTC cuam tshuam rau homeopathy thaum FDA soj ntsuam. Phau ntawv Journal ntawm American Medical Association. 317. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2016.19090
