Variants ntawm Coronavirus: Qhov Peb Paub Txog Tam Sim No

Coronaviruses yog RNA kab mob belongs rau tsev neeg coronaviridae. Cov no kab mob tso saib zoo kawg nkaus tus nqi ntawm qhov yuam kev thaum lub sij hawm replication vim tsis muaj proofreading nuclease kev ua ntawm lawv cov polymerases. Hauv lwm cov kab mob, qhov yuam kev rov ua dua raug kho tab sis tus mob coronaviruses tsis muaj peev xwm no. Raws li qhov tshwm sim, kev rov ua dua qhov yuam kev hauv tus mob coronaviruses tseem tsis raug kho thiab sib sau ua ke uas ua rau muaj kev hloov pauv thiab hloov pauv hauv cov no. kab mob. Yog li, nws ib txwm yog qhov xwm txheej rau tus kabmob coronaviruses tau hloov pauv hauv lawv cov genomes ntawm tus nqi siab heev; ntau qhov kev sib kis, ntau dua qhov yuam kev tshwm sim thiab yog li ntau qhov kev hloov pauv hauv genome ua rau ntau dua txawv yog li ntawd. 

Obviously, hloov mus rau tshiab txawv tsis yog tshiab rau mob hlwbCov. Tib neeg mob hlwb tau tsim kev hloov pauv rau cov ntaub ntawv tshiab hauv keeb kwm tsis ntev los no. Muaj ob peb txawv lub luag haujlwm rau ntau yam kabmob sib kis txij li xyoo 1966, thaum thawj ntu tau sau tseg.  

SARS-CoV yog thawj tus kab mob tuag taus uas tshwm sim mob hlwb Kab mob sib kis hauv Guangdong xeev ntawm Tuam Tshoj xyoo 2002. MERS-CoV yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm qhov sib txawv uas ua rau muaj kev sib kis hauv Saudi Arabia xyoo 2012.  

Cov tshiab mob hlwb SARS-CoV-2, qhov sib txawv ntawm lub luag haujlwm rau qhov tam sim no COVID-19 kis thoob qhov txhia chaw uas tau pib thaum lub Kaum Ob Hlis 2019 hauv Wuhan, Tuam Tshoj thiab tom qab ntawd kis mus thoob ntiaj teb los ua thawj zaug. mob hlwb Kev sib kis thoob plaws hauv tib neeg keeb kwm, tau txuas ntxiv mus txuas ntxiv hloov pauv hloov pauv hauv thaj chaw sib txawv ua rau muaj ntau qhov sub-txawv. Cov sub-txawv muaj qhov sib txawv me me hauv lawv cov genome thiab cov kab mob sib kis thiab qhia qhov sib txawv ntawm lawv qhov kev sib kis, kev ua phem thiab kev tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv kab mob.  

Raws li qhov kev hem thawj uas cov kev hloov pauv no tshwm sim, lawv tau muab faib ua peb pawg - variants ntawm kev txhawj xeeb (VOC), Ntau yam kev txaus siab lossis Variants nyob rau hauv kev tshawb nrhiav (VOI) thiab Variants nyob rau hauv kev saib xyuas. Cov pab pawg ntawm sub-variants no yog ua raws li cov pov thawj muaj feem xyuam rau kev kis tau tus mob, kev tiv thaiv kab mob thiab qhov hnyav ntawm tus kab mob.    

1. Variants ntawm kev txhawj xeeb (VOC) 

Cov kev sib txawv ntawm kev txhawj xeeb (VOC) muaj kev sib raug zoo nrog kev nce hauv kev kis kab mob lossis kev kis kab mob lossis txo qis hauv kev ua tau zoo ntawm kev ntsuas kev noj qab haus huv rau pej xeem xws li kev ua tau zoo ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv uas tam sim no siv. 

2. Variants ntawm kev txaus siab lossis Variants nyob rau hauv kev tshawb nrhiav (VOI) 

Cov kev sib txawv ntawm kev txaus siab lossis kev hloov pauv raws li kev tshawb nrhiav (VOI) paub tias muaj kev hloov pauv caj ces uas tuaj yeem cuam tshuam rau nws txoj kev kis tau tus mob, kev ua phem lossis kev ua tau zoo ntawm kev ntsuas kev noj qab haus huv rau pej xeem thiab raug txheeb xyuas ua rau muaj kev sib kis loj hauv zej zog.

3. Variants nyob rau hauv kev saib xyuas  

Cov kev hloov pauv hauv kev saib xyuas raug kuaj pom raws li cov cim qhia thiab muaj qhov qhia tau tias lawv yuav muaj cov khoom zoo ib yam li VOC tab sis cov pov thawj yuav tsis muaj zog. Yog li ntawd, cov variants no tau saib xyuas tas li rau txhua qhov kev hloov pauv.  

Cov pab pawg no yog lub ntsiab lus sib txawv ntawm cov sub-variants yuav raug tshem tawm los ntawm ib pab pawg lossis suav nrog hauv ib pab pawg nyob ntawm qhov kev hloov pauv ntawm kev ntsuas kev hem thawj ntawm kev kis tus kabmob, kev tiv thaiv kab mob thiab kev kis mob hnyav.  

Ironically, evolution ntawm SAR-CoV-2 tam sim no zoo li tseem tab tom ua. Mus los ntawm qhov xwm txheej no tus kab mob no, ntev li ntev tau muaj kev sib kis ntawm tib neeg yuav muaj kev hloov pauv tsis raug thiab hloov pauv. Qee cov mutant lossis txawv txav tuaj yeem kov yeej qhov kev xaiv xaiv kom kis tau tus kab mob ntau dua thiab muaj kev phom sij lossis khiav tawm ntawm lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob kom cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tsis zoo. Tej zaum, ntau ntau yam sib txawv yuav raug kuaj pom nyob rau hauv lub sijhawm kawg hauv cheeb tsam ntawm kev sib kis ntau dua. Kev txo qis kev sib kis thiab kev saib xyuas tas li yog tus yuam sij rau kev tswj hwm cov tswv yim.  

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Qhov chaw:  

1. Prasad U., 2021. New Strains of SARS-CoV-2 (the tus kab mob no Lub luag hauj lwm rau COVID-19): Puas yog 'Neutralising Antibodies' Txoj Kev Ua Tau Teb rau Kev Hloov Tawm sai sai? Kev tshawb fawb European. Tshaj tawm rau lub Ob Hlis 23, 2020. Muaj nyob online ntawm https://www.scientificeuropean.co.uk/medicine/new-strains-of-sars-cov-2-the-virus-responsible-for-covid-19-could-neutralising-antibodies-approach-be-answer-to-rapid-mutation/  

2. WHO, 2021. Tracking SARS-CoV-2 variants. Muaj nyob online ntawm https://www.who.int/en/activities/tracking-SARS-CoV-2-variants/ 

3. ECDPC 2021. SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern as of 8 July 2021. Available online at https://www.ecdc.europa.eu/en/covid-19/variants-concern 

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