Kev tshawb nrhiav tshuaj tiv thaiv COVID-19 thoob ntiaj teb, siv tau rau txhua qhov kev hloov pauv tam sim no thiab yav tom ntej ntawm tus kabmob coronaviruses yog qhov tseem ceeb. Lub tswv yim yog tsom mus rau qhov tsawg-mutating, feem ntau khaws cia thaj tsam ntawm tus kab mob, es tsis txhob ntawm cheeb tsam uas nquag hloov. Tam sim no muaj adenoviral vector raws li, thiab cov tshuaj tiv thaiv mRNA siv cov kab mob kis kab mob protein ua lub hom phiaj. Txog rau kev nrhiav tshuaj tiv thaiv COVID-19 thoob ntiaj teb, cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tshiab nanotechnology-based SpFN qhia cov lus cog tseg raws li kev soj ntsuam ua ntej kev nyab xeeb thiab muaj zog thiab pib ntawm theem 1 kev sim tshuaj..
COVID-19 kab mob tshwm sim los ntawm SARS-Cov-2 Tus kab mob no tau kis thoob ntiaj teb txij li lub Kaum Ib Hlis 2019, ua rau kwv yees li. 7 lab tus neeg tuag ua ntej tuag thoob ntiaj teb txog tam sim no, ib qho kev txom nyem loj heev ntawm tib neeg vim kev kis kab mob thiab kev kaw cia thiab coj kev lag luam ntawm feem ntau ntawm lub teb chaws mus rau qhov tsis txaus ntseeg. Cov zej zog kev tshawb fawb thoob plaws ntiaj teb tau siv zog ua kom muaj kev nyab xeeb thiab siv tau cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob, xws li los ntawm tag nrho cov kab mob kis mus rau DNA thiab cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob protein.1, aiming spike protein ntawm tus kab mob. Qhov tseeb mRNA thev naus laus zis kuj tseem siv cov ntaub ntawv transcribed spike protein ntawm tus kab mob txhawm rau txhawm rau tiv thaiv kab mob. Txawm li cas los xij, cov ntaub ntawv hais txog qhov ua tau zoo ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv nyob rau xyoo dhau los lossis yog li ntawd tau qhia tias kev tiv thaiv tau pom zoo los ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tsis tshua muaj txiaj ntsig tiv thaiv VOC cov kev hloov pauv tshiab (variant ntawm kev txhawj xeeb), raws li qhia los ntawm ntau yam tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob sib kis, tshwm sim vim kev hloov pauv hauv cov kab mob sib kis ntawm tus kab mob. Cov variants tshiab zoo li yuav kis tau ntau dua, thiab tej zaum yuav ua rau mob tsawg dua rau cov kab mob hnyav dua nyob ntawm qhov kev hloov pauv. Qhov sib txawv ntawm cov kab mob delta siab heev, tsim kev puas tsuaj tsis yog tsuas yog nce tus naj npawb ntawm cov kab mob, tab sis kuj tseem muaj cov neeg tuag ntau dua. Cov tshiab tshaj tawm Omicron txawv ntawm South Africa yog 4 mus rau 6 npaug ntau kis, txawm hais tias ua rau muaj kab mob tsawg dua raws li cov ntaub ntawv tam sim no. Kev poob qis hauv kev ua tau zoo ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv uas muaj tawm tsam cov kev hloov pauv tshiab (thiab muaj peev xwm hloov pauv yav tom ntej), tau yuam cov kws tshawb fawb thiab cov neeg tsim txoj cai zoo ib yam, xav txog cov tshuaj tiv thaiv COVID-19 thoob ntiaj teb uas tuaj yeem siv tau rau txhua qhov kev hloov pauv tam sim no thiab yav tom ntej ntawm tus kabmob coronaviruses. . Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob pan-coronavirus lossis Universal COVID-19 tshuaj tiv thaiv yog hais txog qhov no.
Qhov tseeb, tej zaum yuav muaj lwm yam sib txawv hauv cov zej zog, txawm li cas los xij, lawv tsuas yog raug txheeb xyuas raws li kev sib txuas. Kev kis kab mob thiab kev ua phem ntawm cov uas twb muaj lawm thiab/lossis tshiab uas tsis muaj qhov hloov pauv tsis paub2. Nyob rau ntawm qhov kev hloov pauv tshiab, qhov xav tau los tsim cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob pan-coronavirus yog qhov tseem ceeb.
Tus kab mob COVID-19 tshwm sim los ntawm tus kab mob SARS-CoV-2 nyob ntawm no thiab peb yuav tsis tuaj yeem tshem tawm tag nrho. Qhov tseeb, tib neeg tau nyob nrog cov kab mob Corona uas ua rau mob khaub thuas, txij li thaum pib ntawm tib neeg kev vam meej. Ob xyoo dhau los no tau pom plaub tus kabmob coronavirus: SARS (mob hnyav ua pa, 2002 thiab 2003), MERS (Middle East respiratory syndrome, txij li xyoo 2012), thiab tam sim no Covid-19 (txij li xyoo 2019 los ntawm SARS-CoV-2)3. Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm qhov tsis muaj txiaj ntsig thiab lwm yam peb hom kab mob uas ua rau muaj tus kab mob tshwm sim yog kev txhim kho lub peev xwm ntawm tus kab mob SARS-COV-2 kom kis tau tus mob (siab dua rau tib neeg ACE2 receptors) thiab ua rau muaj kab mob hnyav (cytokine cua daj cua dub). Txawm hais tias tus kab mob SARS-CoV-2 tau txais lub peev xwm no ib txwm muaj (natural evolution) los yog vim muaj kev hloov pauv hauv laboratory, raws li kev tshawb fawb tau ua los ntawm kev tshawb fawb "tau txais txiaj ntsig", uas ua rau muaj kev txhim kho ntawm cov kab mob tshiab no thiab nws qhov tshwm sim tuaj yeem tshwm sim, yog ib lo lus nug uas tseem tsis tau teb txog tam sim no.
Lub tswv yim hais kom ua tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob pan-corona yog ua tsom rau thaj tsam genomic ntawm tus kab mob uas tau khaws cia thiab tsis tshua muaj kev hloov pauv. Qhov no yuav muab kev tiv thaiv tawm tsam cov uas twb muaj lawm thiab tsis muaj nyob rau yav tom ntej variants.
Ib qho piv txwv ntawm kev tsom mus rau thaj tsam kev pom zoo yog siv RNA polymerase ua lub hom phiaj4. Ib txoj kev tshawb fawb tsis ntev los no pom nco T hlwb hauv cov neeg ua haujlwm kho mob uas tau hais tawm tsam RNA polymerase. Cov enzyme no, tau txais txiaj ntsig zoo tshaj plaws ntawm tib neeg tus kabmob coronaviruses uas ua rau mob khaub thuas thiab SARS-CoV-2), ua rau nws lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb los tsim cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob pan-coronavirus. Lwm lub tswv yim tau txais los ntawm Walter Reed Army Institute of Research (WRAIR), Tebchaws Asmeskas yog los tsim cov tshuaj tiv thaiv thoob ntiaj teb, hu ua Spike Ferritin Nanoparticle (SpFN), uas siv ib feem ntawm tus kab mob tsis zoo los ua rau lub cev tiv thaiv COVID-19. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv SpFN tau pom tias tsis yog tsuas yog muab kev tiv thaiv tiv thaiv Alpha thiab Beta variant hauv hamsters.5, tab sis kuj induces T cell thiab tshwj xeeb innate immune teb nyob rau hauv nas6 thiab tsis yog tib neeg primates7. Cov kev tshawb fawb preclinical no qhia txog qhov ua tau zoo ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv SpFN thiab qiv kev txhawb nqa rau WRAIR lub tswv yim rau kev tsim cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob pan-coronavirus.8. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv SpFN tau nkag mus rau Theem 1, Randomized, Ob qhov muag tsis pom kev, Placebo-Controlled sim ntawm 29 tus neeg koom los ntsuas nws txoj kev nyab xeeb, kev zam, thiab kev tiv thaiv kab mob. Kev sim pib rau lub Plaub Hlis 5th 2021 thiab xav tias yuav ua tiav hauv 18 lub hlis los ntawm Lub Kaum Hli 30th 2022.9. Txawm li cas los xij, kev tshuaj xyuas ntxov ntawm cov ntaub ntawv lub hlis no yuav ua rau pom qee yam ntawm SpFN lub zog thiab kev nyab xeeb hauv tib neeg8.
Kev siv tus kab mob attenuated (raws li nws muaj tag nrho cov antigens; mutating thiab tsawg mutating). Txawm li cas los xij, qhov no yuav tsum muaj cov kab mob sib kis loj heev los tsim, yuav tsum muaj BSL-4 cov chaw ntim khoom rau kev tsim khoom, uas yuav ua rau muaj kev pheej hmoo tsis txaus ntseeg.
Cov kev qhia no nthuav tawm ib kauj ruam loj rau hauv kev xav tau ceev nrooj los tsim cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kev nyab xeeb thiab muaj zog thoob ntiaj teb tiv thaiv SARS-CoV-2 thiab ua kom lub ntiaj teb tawm ntawm qhov xwm txheej tam sim no, thiab coj nws rov qab mus rau qhov qub sai li sai tau.
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References:
- Soni R, 2021. Soberana 02 thiab Abdala: Ntiaj teb thawj Protein conjugate Tshuaj tiv thaiv tiv thaiv COVID-19. Kev tshawb fawb European. Tshaj tawm 30 Kaum Ib Hlis 2021. Muaj nyob ntawm https://www.scientificeuropean.co.uk/covid-19/soberana-02-and-abdala-worlds-first-protein-conjugate-vaccines-against-covid-19/
- Soni R., 2022. KEVID-19 hauv tebchaws Askiv: Puas yog Lifting Plan B Measures justified? Kev tshawb fawb European. Tshaj tawm 20 Lub Ib Hlis 2022. Muaj nyob ntawm https://www.scientificeuropean.co.uk/covid-19/covid-19-in-england-is-lifting-of-plan-b-measures-justified/
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- Soni R, 2021. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob "Pan-coronavirus": RNA Polymerase Emerges as a Vaccine Target. Kev tshawb fawb European. Tshaj tawm 16 Kaum Ib Hlis 2021. Muaj nyob ntawm https://www.scientificeuropean.co.uk/covid-19/pan-coronavirus-vaccines-rna-polymerase-emerges-as-a-vaccine-target/
- Wuertz, KM, Barkei, EK, Chen, WH. ua al. A SARS-CoV-2 spike ferritin nanoparticle vaccine tiv thaiv hamsters tiv thaiv Alpha thiab Beta tus kab mob variant sib tw. NPJ Vaccines 6, 129 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41541-021-00392-7
- Carmen, JM, Shrivastava, S., Lu, Z. et al. SARS-CoV-2 ferritin nanoparticle vaccine induces robust innate immune activating polyfunctional spike-specific T cell responses. npj Vaccines 6, 151 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41541-021-00414-4
- Joyce M., et al 2021. A SARS-CoV-2 ferritin nanoparticle vaccine elicits protective immune responses in nonhuman primates. Science Translational Tshuaj. 16 Dec 2021. DOI:10.1126/scitranslmed.abi5735
- Cov kev tshawb fawb txog kev kho mob ua ntej txhawb nqa tub rog txoj kev txhim kho tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob pan-coronavirus https://www.army.mil/article/252890/series_of_preclinical_studies_supports_the_armys_pan_coronavirus_vaccine_development_strategy
- SARS-COV-2-Spike-Ferritin-Nanoparticle (SpFN) Vaccine With ALFQ Adjuvant for Prevention of COVID-19 in Healthy Adults https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04784767?term=NCT04784767&draw=2&rank=1
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