Soberana 02 thiab Abdala: Ntiaj teb thawj Protein conjugate Tshuaj tiv thaiv tiv thaiv COVID-19

Cov cuab yeej siv los ntawm Cuba los txhim kho protein-raws li cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tiv thaiv COVID-19 tuaj yeem ua rau kev tsim cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tiv thaiv kab mob hloov pauv tshiab hauv qhov yooj yim dua. Ntiaj teb thawj protein Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv conjugate tau tsim los ntawm kev siv lub RBD (receptor binding domain) thaj tsam ntawm qhov loj. protein, lub luag haujlwm rau kev nkag mus ntawm tus kab mob rau hauv tib neeg lub hlwb. Sib nrug los ntawm lwm yam zoo xws li kev ruaj ntseg ntawm 2-8 ° C, cov cuab yeej pov thawj zoo, cov no protein-raws li cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tuaj yeem tsim tau yooj yim los tsim cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tshiab tiv thaiv kab mob los ntawm kev tsim cov mutant RBDs. Cov mutant RBDs no tuaj yeem siv los ua cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tshwj xeeb rau cov kab mob uas muaj kev pheej hmoo siab xws li ib qho tsis ntev los no tau txheeb xyuas, npe hu ua Omicron thiab lwm yam kab mob uas muaj peev xwm ntawm tus kab mob SARS-CoV-2. 

Qhov kev puas tsuaj tsim los ntawm COVID-19 thoob ntiaj teb, ua rau ntau dua 5 lab tus neeg tuag thiab ntau dua 26 lab tus neeg mob, tau ua rau cov kws tshawb fawb thiab cov thawj coj tswj hwm los qhia txog kev siv tshuaj tiv thaiv xwm txheej kub ntxhov los tiv thaiv tib neeg cov pej xeem. Ib tug naj npawb ntawm DNA raws (Covishield, Sputnik V thiab lwm yam) thiab mRNA raws li (los ntawm Pfizer thiab Moderna) tau muab tshuaj rau tib neeg kom tsis txhob cuam tshuam los ntawm tus kab mob COVID-19. Tshuaj tiv thaiv raws li kev siv tag nrho cov kab mob attenuated (Covaxin/Sinovac) kuj tau pom zoo thiab xa tawm mus rau ntau lub teb chaws thoob ntiaj teb. Kev siv ntawm proteins thiab / los yog protein sub-units yog lwm txoj hauv kev los tsim cov tshuaj tiv thaiv los ntawm kev qhia txog cov tshuaj recombinant protein nyob rau hauv lub cev kom elicit ib tug tiv thaiv kab mob¹. cov protein tej zaum yuav muab sib txuas rau ib qho polysaccharide lossis lwm cov protein los ntawm cov kab mob tsis sib xws txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawb kev tiv thaiv kab mob. Qhov kom zoo dua ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob thiab cov protein sub-unit-based yog tias cov cuab yeej siv tau zoo thiab muaj pov thawj, kuj ruaj khov ntawm 2-8.^° C, tsis muaj tus kab mob nyob DNA lossis RNA, yog li tsis muaj kev pheej hmoo ua rau kab mob thiab tsim nyog rau cov neeg uas muaj kev tiv thaiv kab mob. Txawm li cas los xij, cov tshuaj tiv thaiv cov protein feem ntau tsuas yog ua rau cov lus teb rau cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob uas tej zaum yuav tsis muaj zog nyob rau lub sijhawm, thiab yog li cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob thiab tshuaj tiv thaiv yuav tsum tau ua kom lawv cov txiaj ntsig zoo. 

Hauv tsab xov xwm no, peb piav qhia txog kev txhim kho ntawm Soberana 02 thiab Abdala, lub ntiaj teb thawj zaug protein conjugate tshuaj tiv thaiv tsim los ntawm Cuba. Ob qho tshuaj tiv thaiv tau ntau dua 90% siv tau tom qab peb koob tshuaj². Soberana 02 tshuaj tiv thaiv muaj recombinant RBD (receptor binding domain) ntawm spike protein ntawm SARS-CoV-2 virus conjugated rau tetanus toxoid³. RBD tau tsim nyob rau hauv mammalian hlwb⁴. Ob koob tshuaj Soberana 02 muaj kev nyab xeeb thiab tau txais txiaj ntsig ntawm 71% hauv cov neeg laus hnub nyoog 19-80 xyoo, thaum kev tswj hwm ntawm ib feem peb ua rau muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau 92.4%.³. Qhov koob thib peb yog li cas los xij, ib qho tshuaj tiv thaiv heterologous hu ua Soberana Plus uas muaj RBD dimer ib leeg. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tau pom tias muaj kev tiv thaiv kab mob siab, kev txhim kho ntawm RBD neutralizing cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob thiab tshem tawm cov lus teb tshwj xeeb T cell. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv Abdala, RBD tau tsim nyob rau hauv cov poov xab (Pichia pastoris) thiab cov tshuaj tiv thaiv no yog siv los ntawm intra-nasal txoj kev.⁴. Qhov ua tau zoo ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv Abdala tom qab peb koob tshuaj yog 92.8%. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv no yog cov tshuaj tiv thaiv thawj zaug hauv ntiaj teb thiab tau pom tias muaj txiaj ntsig zoo tiv thaiv kab mob delta.  

cov protein Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv sub-unit-raws li tau cog lus zoo rau kev tsim cov tshuaj tiv thaiv yav tom ntej tiv thaiv kev hloov pauv ntawm COVID-19, xws li Omicron, uas tau tshaj tawm ob peb hnub rov qab los ntawm South Africa. Omicron muaj 15 qhov kev hloov pauv hauv RBD tus lej ntawm tus kab mob sib kis, 2 qhov uas muaj ntau rau Delta hom. Raws li kev hloov pauv tam sim no nyob rau hauv RBD ntawm Omicron variant, recombinant protein tuaj yeem tsim tau raws li tus tswv tsev tsim nyog thiab cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tshiab tuaj yeem npaj tau ob peb lub lis piam rau kev tso cai thaum muaj xwm txheej ceev thiab siv. 

Cov tuam txhab xws li Pfizer⁵, leej twg tsim cov tshuaj tiv thaiv mRNA tab tom xav txog pib qhov kev sim uas qhov thib peb (booster) txhaj tshuaj ntawm nws cov tshuaj tiv thaiv mRNA yuav koom nrog nws 20-valent pneumococcal txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv (20vPnC), txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawb cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob tiv thaiv COVID- 19. 

Cov thev naus laus zis siv los ntawm Cuba los tsim cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob raws li cov protein tiv thaiv COVID-19 tuaj yeem ua rau kev tsim cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob tshiab hloov pauv ntawm tus kab mob SARS-CoV-2 uas yooj yim dua.  

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References:  

1. GAVI 2021. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob protein subunit yog dab tsi thiab lawv yuav siv li cas tiv thaiv COVID-19? Muaj nyob ntawm https://www.gavi.org/vaccineswork/what-are-protein subunit-vaccines-and-how-could-they-be-used-against-covid-19 

2. Reardon S., 2021. Teb chaws Cuba qhov thawj koom ruam ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv COVID hauv tsev tau them nyiaj. Xwm. Xov xwm. Published 22 Kaum Ib Hlis 2021. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/d41586-021-03470-x 

3. Toledo-Romani M., 2021. Kev ua tau zoo thiab kev nyab xeeb ntawm SOBERANA 02, tshuaj tiv thaiv COVID-19 sib xyaw ua ke hauv kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm peb koob. Preprint medRxiv. Published 06 November 2021. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.10.31.21265703 

4. Yaffe H (31 Lub Peb Hlis 2021). "Cuba tsib qhov tshuaj tiv thaiv COVID-19: tag nrho zaj dab neeg ntawm Soberana 01/02/Plus, Abdala, thiab Mambisa". LSE Latin America thiab Caribbean blog. Tau txais 31 Lub Peb Hlis 2021. 

5. Pfizer 2021. Xov Xwm - Pfizer pib kawm tshawb nrhiav kev sib koom tes ntawm nws cov 20-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine neeg sib tw nrog rau peb koob tshuaj pfizer-biontech covid-19 cov neeg laus. Tshaj tawm 24 Tsib Hlis 2021. Muaj nyob ntawm https://www.pfizer.com/news/press-release/press-release-detail/pfizer-initiates-study-exploring-coadministration-its-20 

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