SARS-CoV-2: How Serious is B.1.1.529 variant, now named Omicron

B.1.1.529 variant tau tshaj tawm thawj zaug rau WHO los ntawm South Africa rau 24^th Lub Kaum Ib Hlis 2021. Thawj qhov paub tseeb tias tus kab mob B.1.1.529 yog los ntawm ib qho piv txwv uas tau sau rau 9^th Kaum ib hlis 2021¹. Lwm qhov chaw² qhia tias qhov txawv no tau pom thawj zaug hauv cov qauv sau rau ntawm 11^th Kaum Ib Hlis 2021 hauv Botswana thiab 14^th Kaum Ib Hlis 2021 hauv South Africa. Txij thaum ntawd los, tus naj npawb ntawm COVID-19 tau nce siab hauv yuav luag txhua lub xeev hauv South Africa. Raws li 27^th Kaum Ib Hlis 2021, cov xwm txheej tshiab ntawm qhov sib txawv no kuj tau tshaj tawm hauv Belgium, Hong Kong, Israel, United Kingdom³, Lub teb chaws Yelemees, Ltalis thiab Czech koom pheej uas yog txhua yam kev mus ncig hauv keeb kwm.  

Ua tsaug rau South Africa cov tub ceev xwm tsis siv sijhawm los sib txuas lus thiab sib qhia cov ntaub ntawv cuam tshuam nrog lub zej zog kev tshawb fawb thoob ntiaj teb kom WHO pab pawg kws tshaj lij tuaj yeem ntsib 26.^th Lub Kaum Ib Hlis 2021 thiab nrawm xaiv qhov hloov pauv no raws li Variant ntawm kev txhawj xeeb (VOC). Qhov hnyav ntawm qhov teeb meem tuaj yeem ntsuas los ntawm qhov tseeb tias B.1.1.529 tau raug xaiv los ua qhov sib txawv raws li kev saib xyuas (VUM) tsuas yog ob hnub dhau los ntawm 24.^th Kaum Ib Hlis 2021 ua ntej raug xaiv los ua VOC ntawm 26^th Kaum Ib Hlis 2021 yam tsis tau raug xaiv ua ntej raws li qhov sib txawv hauv kev tshawb nrhiav (VOI).  

Table: SARS-CoV-2 Variants of concern (VOC) as on 26 November 2021 

Qhov xwm txheej ceev hauv kev xaiv B.1.1.529 raws li qhov sib txawv ntawm kev txhawj xeeb (VOC) tau lees paub vim tias nws tau pom tias qhov sib txawv no yog qhov sib txawv tshaj plaws ntawm SARS-CoV-2 txog tam sim no. Piv nrog rau tus kab mob SARS-CoV-2 thawj zaug kuaj pom hauv Wuhan, Tuam Tshoj, qhov no muaj ntau txog 30 amino acid hloov pauv, 3 qhov kev tshem tawm me me thiab 1 me me tso rau hauv cov protein ntau. Tawm ntawm cov kev hloov pauv no, 15 nyob rau hauv receptor binding domain (RBD), ib feem ntawm tus kab mob uas tso cai rau nws nkag mus rau hauv tib neeg lub hlwb, ua rau muaj kab mob. Qhov kev hloov pauv no tseem muaj ntau qhov kev hloov pauv thiab tshem tawm hauv lwm thaj chaw genomic². Cov kev hloov pauv yog qhov dav heev uas ib tus tuaj yeem hu nws tus kab mob tshiab, tsis yog kev hloov pauv. Qhov siab kawg nkaus ntawm kev hloov pauv hloov pauv txhais tau tias muaj peev xwm nce ntxiv ntawm kev khiav tawm ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob uas ua rau qhov kev hloov pauv no muaj kev txhawj xeeb loj.⁵.  

Hloov mus rau qhov hloov pauv tshiab yog ib txwm muaj rau tus mob coronaviruses. Nws ib txwm yog qhov xwm txheej rau tus kabmob coronaviruses tau hloov pauv hauv lawv cov genomes ntawm tus nqi siab heev, vim tsis muaj cov ntaub ntawv pov thawj nuclease ntawm lawv cov polymerases; ntau qhov kis tau tus mob, ntau qhov kev rov ua yuam kev thiab yog li kev hloov pauv ntau ntxiv hauv cov genome, ua rau cov hloov pauv tshiab. Tib neeg tus mob coronaviruses tau tsim kev hloov pauv los tsim cov kev hloov pauv tshiab hauv keeb kwm tsis ntev los no. Muaj ntau qhov sib txawv ntawm lub luag haujlwm rau kev sib kis txij li xyoo 1966, thaum thawj ntu tau sau tseg⁶. Tab sis, vim li cas thiaj li muaj kev hloov pauv loj hauv ib qho tawg? Tej zaum yuav yog, vim B.1.1.529 variant hloov zuj zus thaum lub sij hawm muaj tus kab mob ntev ntawm tus neeg tsis muaj zog tiv thaiv kab mob, tejzaum nws yog tus neeg mob HIV/AIDS tsis kho.⁷.  

Txawm li cas los xij tej zaum yuav yog qhov ua rau muaj kev hloov pauv loj, yog tias qhov ceev ceev uas nws tau kis hauv South Africa yog qhov qhia tau, kev hloov pauv ntawm qhov hloov pauv no yuav muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau kev tiv thaiv kab mob, kis tau & kis kab mob thiab kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv uas twb muaj lawm, tam sim no siv.  

Txawm hais tias cov tshuaj tiv thaiv uas twb muaj lawm yuav tseem muaj txiaj ntsig rau qhov kev hloov pauv tshiab no lossis yog tias yuav muaj ntau qhov kev txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob sib kis, tam sim no muaj cov ntaub ntawv me me los txiav txim siab. Txawm li cas los xij, hauv kev tshawb fawb tsis ntev los no, cov khoom sib txawv nrog 20 kev hloov pauv hauv cov kab mob sib kis tau pom tias yuav luag tag nrho kev khiav tawm ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv.⁷. Qhov no qhia tau hais tias qhov hloov pauv tshiab B.1.1.529 nrog kev hloov pauv ntau dua, tuaj yeem pom qhov txo qis hauv nruab nrab los ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv. Tus tshiab variant, txawm li cas los xij, zoo li yuav kis tau ntau dua los ntawm tus nqi nrawm uas nws tau hloov pauv Delta variant hauv South Africa, txawm hais tias cov ntaub ntawv tam sim no tsis txaus txaus los kos ib qho kev kwv yees. Ib yam li ntawd, nws tsis tuaj yeem tawm tswv yim txog qhov hnyav ntawm cov tsos mob ntawm theem no.  

Raws li qhov tseeb tias Tebchaws Europe tau rov qab los nrog cov neeg tsis sib xws ntawm COVID 19 tus neeg mob (vim qhov kis tau tus mob delta sib txawv heev) rau ob peb lub lis piam dhau los thiab tus nqi nrawm uas omicron (B.1.1.529) variant tau kis nyob rau hauv South Africa tsis ntev los no hloov delta variant, ob peb lub teb chaws nyob rau hauv cov teb chaws Europe suav nrog UK, Lub teb chaws Yelemees thiab Ltalis tau txwv kev mus los ntawm cov neeg tuaj txog ntawm South Africa thiab los ntawm cov teb chaws nyob sib ze xws li Botswana, Malawi, Mozambique, Zambia thiab Angola. Ntshai qhov phem tshaj plaws, cov neeg Ixayees yog txwv tsis pub nkag los ntawm cov qhua los ntawm txhua lub tebchaws.  

Lub ntiaj teb tau nqis peev ntau heev los tsim thiab tswj hwm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv COVID-19 los tiv thaiv tib neeg los ntawm kev sib kis. Cov lus nug uas yog qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws hauv lub siab ntawm cov kws tshawb fawb thiab cov tub ceev xwm ib yam nkaus yog seb cov tshuaj tiv thaiv COVID-19 tseem ceeb zoo li Pfizer-BioNTech, Oxford-AstraZeneca, Moderna, Johnson & Johnson yuav zoo li cas rau Omicron (B.1.1.529) variant ib yam nkaus. . Qhov no tau txhawb nqa los ntawm qhov tseeb tias kev sib kis kis tau tshwm sim hauv South Africa. Ob qhov xwm txheej Hong Kong kuj tau txais koob tshuaj tiv thaiv⁹. 

Kev tsim cov tshuaj tiv thaiv "pan-coronavirus".¹⁰ (Multivalent tshuaj tiv thaiv platforms¹¹) zoo li qhov xav tau ntawm lub sijhawm. Tab sis, sai dua, nws tuaj yeem ua tau sai sai ua cov koob tshuaj ntawm mRNA thiab DNA tshuaj tiv thaiv npog qhov kev hloov pauv. Ntxiv rau, tsis ntev los no tau pom zoo tshuaj tiv thaiv (Merck's Molnupiravir thiab Pfizer's Paxlovid) yuav tsum tau ua ke los tiv thaiv tib neeg los ntawm kev mus pw hauv tsev kho mob thiab kev tuag.   

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References:  

1. WHO 2021. Xov Xwm – Classification of Omicron (B.1.1.529): SARS-CoV-2 Variant of Concern. Luam tawm 26 Kaum Ib Hlis 2021. Muaj nyob online ntawm https://www.who.int/news/item/26-11-2021-classification-of-omicron-(b.1.1.529)-sars-cov-2-variant-of-concern  

2. European Center for Disease Prevention thiab Tswj. Qhov cuam tshuam ntawm qhov tshwm sim thiab kis ntawm SARSCoV-2 B.1.1. 529 variant ntawm kev txhawj xeeb (Omicron), rau EU / EEA. 26 Kaum Ib Hlis 2021. ECDC: Stockholm; 2021. Muaj nyob online ntawm https://www.ecdc.europa.eu/en/publications-data/threat-assessment-brief-emergence-sars-cov-2-variant-b.1.1.529  

3. UK Govt 2021. Xov xwm tshaj tawm - Thawj UK kis ntawm Omicron variant txheeb xyuas. Published 27 November 2021. Muaj nyob ntawm https://www.gov.uk/government/news/first-uk-cases-of-omicron-variant-identified   

4. WHO, 2021. Tracking SARS-CoV-2 variants. Muaj nyob online ntawm https://www.who.int/en/activities/tracking-SARS-CoV-2-variants/ 

5. GitHub, 2021. Thomas Peacock: B.1.1 decendant txuam nrog rau yav qab teb Africa nrog ntau ntawm Spike mutations #343. Muaj nyob online ntawm https://github.com/cov-lineages/pango-designation/issues/343 

6. Prasad U.2021. Variants ntawm Coronavirus: Qhov Peb Paub Txog Tam Sim No. Kev tshawb fawb European. Muab lo rau Lub Xya hli ntuj 12, 2021. Muaj nyob online ntawm https://www.scientificeuropean.co.uk/covid-19/variants-of-coronavirus-what-we-know-so-far/ 

7. GAVI 2021. Tshuaj tiv thaiv ua haujlwm - Peb paub dab tsi txog tus kabmob B.1.1.529 tshiab thiab peb yuav tsum txhawj xeeb? Muaj nyob ntawm https://www.gavi.org/vaccineswork/what-we-know-about-new-b11529-coronavirus-variant-so-far 

8. Schmidt, F., Weisblum, Y., Rutkowska, M. et al. High genetic barrier rau SARS-CoV-2 polyclonal neutralizing antibody dim. Xwm (2021). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-021-04005-0 

9. Kev hloov pauv ntau tus kabmob coronavirus ua rau cov kws tshawb fawb ceeb toom. Xwm News ua. Kho tshiab 27 Kaum Ib Hlis 2021. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/d41586-021-03552-w  

10. Soni R. 2021. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob "Pan-coronavirus": RNA Polymerase Emerges as a Vaccine Target. Kev tshawb fawb European. Published 16 November 2021. Muaj nyob ntawm https://www.scientificeuropean.co.uk/covid-19/pan-coronavirus-vaccines-rna-polymerase-emerges-as-a-vaccine-target/  

11. NIH 2021. Xov xwm tshaj tawm - NIAID muab khoom plig tshiab los pab nyiaj rau cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob "pan-coronavirus". Tshaj tawm 28 Cuaj hlis 2021. Muaj nyob ntawm https://www.nih.gov/news-events/news-releases/niaid-issues-new-awards-fund-pan-coronavirus-vaccines  

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