Tag nrho pom zoo Covid-19 Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tam sim no tau muab tshuaj rau hauv daim ntawv txhaj tshuaj. Yuav ua li cas yog lub tshuaj tiv thaiv tuaj yeem yooj yim xa raws li tshuaj tsuag hauv qhov ntswg? Yog tias koj tsis nyiam txhaj tshuaj, ntawm no tej zaum yuav yog xov xwm zoo! Intranasal kev tswj hwm ntawm Covid-19 tshuaj tiv thaiv los ntawm tshuaj tsuag yuav sai sai no muaj tseeb. Tam sim no, ntau lub tuam txhab tab tom tshawb fawb txog kev siv lub qhov ntswg ntawm kev tswj hwm rau cov tshuaj tiv thaiv COVID-19, qee qhov tab tom sim tshuaj kho mob. Kab lus no tham txog qhov kev nce qib hauv qhov no nrog rau qhov tshwj xeeb ntawm kev siv cov kab mob attenuated hauv cov tshuaj tsuag qhov ntswg tiv thaiv COVID-19.
Qhov tshwm sim ntawm COVID-19 raws li a kab mob ntsws ua rau muaj kev tshawb fawb tsis txaus ntseeg thoob plaws ntiaj teb los tawm tsam tus kabmob kis no los ntawm kev tsim cov tshuaj tiv thaiv nyob rau hauv kev sib tw tiv thaiv lub sijhawm txhawm rau pab cov tebchaws thoob plaws ntiaj teb rov qab mus rau qhov qub kom sai li sai tau. Ntau lub tuam txhab tshuaj thiab biotech tau koom nrog kev tsim tshuaj tiv thaiv thiab txog hnub no tshaj li 300 txoj haujlwm tshuaj tiv thaiv tau pib thiab ntau dua 40 txoj haujlwm tseem nyob hauv kev tshuaj ntsuam xyuas thaum tsawg kawg 5 ntawm lawv tau pom zoo raws li kev tso cai siv thaum muaj xwm txheej ceev hauv ntau lub tebchaws. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tau tsim los siv ntau txoj hauv kev xws li tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob nyob, mRNA-raws li cov tshuaj tiv thaiv uas qhia txog Spike protein ntawm tus kab mob thiab cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob Adenovirus uas qhia txog ntau cov protein ntawm tus kab mob. Tag nrho cov proteins no tau nthuav tawm los ntawm tus tswv tsev thiab tig los ua cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob rau tus kab mob proteins li no muab kev tiv thaiv.
Lwm hom kev tiv thaiv kab mob nkag mus rau hauv tib neeg lub cev thiab xa cov neeg sib tw tshuaj tiv thaiv yog siv txoj hauv kev ntawm qhov ntswg. Ntau tus kws tshawb fawb tau siv tshuaj tsuag qhov ntswg1 muaj cov khoom nplaum nplaum uas npog lub qhov ntswg mucus hauv ob sab phlu, yog li tiv thaiv tus kab mob nkag mus rau hauv lub hlwb. Piv txwv li, siv nanoconjugate li ntswg txau xa cov shRNA-plasmid mus rau lub hom phiaj 2. Txoj kev Intranasal rau kev tswj hwm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv COVID-19 tau tshawb xyuas los ntawm ntau tus kws tshawb fawb 3. Muaj ntau lub tuam txhab nyob rau hauv pem hauv ntej ntawm kev siv cov tshuaj tsuag qhov ntswg rau kev tswj hwm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tiv thaiv COVID-19. Ob peb ntawm cov tuam txhab no siv tus kab mob attenuated, thaum lwm tus siv cov adenovirus raws li kab mob khaub thuas los yog kab mob khaub thuas raws li cov tshuaj tsuag qhov ntswg. 4.
Cov tuam txhab uas siv cov kab mob adenovirus, kab mob khaub thuas-raws li kab mob khaub thuas thiab Newcastle tus kab mob (NDV)5, 6 Raws li vectors nyob rau hauv cov tshuaj tsuag qhov ntswg muaj xws li Beijing Antai Biol Pharm Enterprise, Tuam Tshoj, ob txoj haujlwm los ntawm Acad Mil Sci, Tuam Tshoj, Bharat Biotech-Washington Univ, India-US, AstraZeneca, Sweden-UK, Altimmune, USA, Univ Hong Kong, Valavax -Abogn, Tuam Tshoj, Beijin Vantal Biol Pharm, Tuam Tshoj thiab Lancaster University, UK. Ntawm qhov tod tes, cov tuam txhab uas siv cov kab mob attenuated nyob rau hauv cov tshuaj tsuag qhov ntswg muaj xws li Codagenix, ib lub tuam txhab nyob rau hauv New York koom tes nrog The Serum Inst of India, India, Indian Immunologicals Ltd, India, koom tes nrog Griffith University, Australia thiab Mehmet Ali Aydunar Univ, Qaib ntxhw. Cov kev txaus siab tshwj xeeb yog cov tuam txhab uas siv cov kab mob kis tau tag nrho hauv cov tshuaj tua kab mob hauv lub qhov ntswg vim tias tag nrho cov kab mob yuav khaws lub peev xwm ntawm kev tiv thaiv kab mob rau cov varied antigens tam sim no nyob rau hauv tus kab mob uas tsis yog tsuas yog qee cov proteins raug tsom rau kev tsim tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob. ib yam li cov ntaub ntawv nrog adenovirus raws li, influenza-based thiab Newcastle kab mob cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob. Qhov no tuaj yeem muaj peev xwm saib xyuas ntau qhov kev hloov pauv ntawm tus kab mob hauv kev ua haujlwm ib yam nkaus. Hauv tsab xov xwm no, peb yuav hais tshwj xeeb rau kev txhim kho thiab kev sim rau cov tshuaj tiv thaiv qhov ntswg uas siv tus kab mob attenuated.
Thawj pab pawg uas siv tus kab mob attenuated hauv lub qhov ntswg yog cov kws tshawb fawb ntawm Codagenix, Tebchaws Asmeskas uas nws cov tshuaj tiv thaiv npe hu ua COVI-VAC. Thawj tus neeg mob nyob rau hauv qhov kev sim randomised, ob qhov muag tsis pom kev, kev sim tshuaj placebo tau muab tshuaj thaum Lub Ib Hlis 2021. Lawv tau koom tes nrog Lub Tsev Haujlwm Saib Xyuas Kev Noj Qab Haus Huv ntawm Is Nrias teb rau kev tsim cov tshuaj tiv thaiv no. Txoj kev tshawb xyuas koob tshuaj nce ntxiv tau tsim los ntsuas kev nyab xeeb thiab kev zam ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv hauv tag nrho 48 tus neeg tuaj yeem noj qab haus huv. Txoj kev tshawb no tseem yuav tshuaj xyuas lub peev xwm ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv los tsim cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob uas yuav raug soj ntsuam los ntawm kev ntsuas cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob, mucosal tiv thaiv kab mob hauv txoj hlab ntsws thiab kev tiv thaiv ntawm tes. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tuaj yeem khaws tau yooj yim hauv lub tub yees (2-8 C), tuaj yeem siv tau yooj yim yam tsis muaj kev pab los ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm txawj thiab cia siab tias muaj ib koob tshuaj uas muaj peev xwm tiv thaiv tau. Qhov no alleviates qhov xav tau ntawm kev cia thiab kev thauj mus los ntawm qhov kub thiab txias thiab tuaj yeem muab tau yooj yim rau cov neeg coob coob ntawm ib lub sijhawm yam tsis tas yuav muaj cov cuab yeej siv ntxiv thiab cov neeg ua haujlwm txawj. 7.
Lwm pab pawg ntawm Eureka Therapeutics tau tsim InvisiMask ™, Human Antibody Nasal Spray uas tau ua tiav hauv kev tshawb fawb ua ntej hauv cov nas uas tsis muaj qhov cuam tshuam loj. Tib neeg monoclonal antibody khi rau S1 Spike (S) protein ntawm SARS-CoV-2 tus kab mob thiab tiv thaiv lawv los ntawm kev khi rau angiotensin-hloov enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor ntawm cov hlwb nyob rau sab sauv ua pa. Qhov no tiv thaiv tus kab mob los ntawm kev nkag mus rau hauv tib neeg lub hlwb thiab yog li tiv thaiv kab mob. Lwm qhov tseem ceeb ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv no yog tias tib neeg monoclonal antibody siv tuaj yeem khi thiab cuam tshuam ntau dua 20 SARS-CoV-2 variants, suav nrog kev hloov pauv D614G ntau heev. 8,9.
Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv no raws li txoj hauv kev tshuaj tsuag hauv qhov ntswg muab txoj hauv kev zoo tshaj plaws uas tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam ntawm kev tswj hwm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob SARS-CoV-2 thiab tuaj yeem pab tau zoo hauv kev tswj hwm tus kab mob COVID-19. Muaj ntau qhov zoo ntawm kev siv cov tshuaj tsuag qhov ntswg rau kev txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv qhov ntswg muab kev tiv thaiv hauv zos ntxiv ntawm qhov chaw tswj hwm (kev tiv thaiv mucosal raws li secretory IgA thiab IgM thiab raws li kev tiv thaiv lub cev) ntxiv rau kev tiv thaiv kab mob, piv rau cov tshuaj tiv thaiv uas tsuas muaj kev tiv thaiv kab mob. Cov neeg uas tau txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob hauv lub cev tseem tuaj yeem muaj tus kab mob COVID-19 hauv lawv lub qhov ntswg thiab tuaj yeem kis mus rau lwm tus.
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References:
- Cavalcanti, IDL, Cajubá de Britto Lira Nogueira, M. Pharmaceutical nanotechnology: Yam khoom twg tau tsim los tiv thaiv COVID-19?. J Nanopart Res 22, 276 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11051-020-05010-6
- Kev txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv yav tom ntej ntawm COVID-19 siv shRNA-plasmid-LDH nanoconjugate https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mehy.2020.110084
- Pollet J., Chen W., thiab Strych U., 2021. Recombinant protein vaccines, a proven approach against coronavirus pandemics. Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews. Phau Ntawv 170, Peb Hlis 2021, Nplooj 71-82. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addr.2021.01.001
- Forni, G., Mantovani, A., sawv cev ntawm COVID-19 Commission ntawm Accademia Nazionale dei Lincei, Rome. ua al. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv COVID-19: qhov twg peb sawv thiab cov kev sib tw ua ntej. Cell Death txawv 28, 626–639 (2021). Published: 21 January 2021. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41418-020-00720-9
- Tsev Kawm Ntawv Qib Siab Birmingham 2020. Xov Xwm - Tiv Thaiv-COVID-19 tshuaj tsuag qhov ntswg 'npaj siv rau tib neeg'. Tshaj tawm rau Lub Ib Hlis 19, 2020. Muaj nyob online ntawm https://www.birmingham.ac.uk/news/latest/2020/11/anti-covid-19-nasal-spray-ready-for-use-in-humans.aspx
- Park J, Oladunni FS., et al 2021. Immunogenicity and Protective Efficacy of an Intranasal Live-attenuated Vaccine Against SARS-CoV-2 in Preclinical Animal Models. Tshaj tawm Lub Ib Hlis 11, 2021. doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.01.08.425974
- ClinicalTrial.gov 2020. Kev nyab xeeb thiab kev tiv thaiv kab mob ntawm KEVI-VAC, Cov Tshuaj Tiv Thaiv Kab Mob Nyob Hauv Kev Tiv Thaiv COVID-19. ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04619628. Muaj nyob online ntawm https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04619628?term=COVI-VAC&cond=Covid19&draw=2&rank=1
- Eureka Therapeutics, Inc. 2020. Xovxwm Tshaj Tawm - Eureka Therapeutics tshaj tawm cov txiaj ntsig ua tau zoo ntawm Invisimask™ Tib Neeg Antibody Nasal Spray Tawm tsam Sars-cov-2 Kab Mob. Tshaj tawm rau lub Plaub Hlis 14, 2020 los ntawm: https://www.eurekatherapeutics.com/media/press-releases/121420/
- Zhang H., Yang Z., et al 2020. Intranasal administration of SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing human antibody tiv thaiv kab mob hauv nas. Preprint bioRxiv. Tshaj tawm rau lub Plaub Hlis 09, 2020. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.12.08.416677
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