DNA Vaccine Against SARS-COV-2: A Brief Update

Ib plasmid DNA Tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob SARS-CoV-2 tau pom los txhawb kev tiv thaiv kab mob hauv kev sim tsiaj. Ob peb lwm DNA Cov neeg sib tw txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv yog nyob rau theem pib ntawm kev sim tshuaj. Interestingly, plasmid DNA Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tuaj yeem tsim nyob rau lub sijhawm luv luv. Piv rau cov tshuaj tiv thaiv qis thiab tsis muaj zog, nws muaj ntau yam zoo. Tab sis, tsis zoo li cov tshuaj tiv thaiv mRNA, DNA Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tej zaum yuav rov ua dua hauv lub cell.  

Raws li tsab ntawv tshaj tawm kev tshawb fawb luam tawm ntawm lub server preprint, pVAX1-SARS-CoV2-co, plasmid DNA Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tus neeg sib tw tiv thaiv SARS-CoV-2 tau pom tias ua rau muaj zog tiv thaiv kab mob hauv cov qauv tsiaj thaum xa tawm intradermally ntawm pyro-drive jet injector (PJI) ⁽¹⁾. Tus neeg thov tshuaj tiv thaiv no tuaj yeem mus rau hauv kev sim tshuaj sai sai.  

Ua ntej, kev txhim kho preclinical ntawm DNACov tshuaj tiv thaiv COVID-19, INO-4800 siv plasmid pGX9501 tau tshaj tawm ⁽²⁾. Cov neeg thov tshuaj tiv thaiv no tam sim no tab tom sim tshuaj xyuas ⁽³⁾. Ob peb lwm DNA Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv COVID-19 yog nyob rau theem pib ntawm kev sim tshuaj. Piv txwv li, kev nrhiav neeg ua haujlwm tau ua tiav rau NCT04673149, NCT04334980 thiab NCT04447781 thaum qhov kev sim NCT04627675 thiab NCT04591184 tseem tsis tau nrhiav neeg ua haujlwm. ⁽⁴⁾.  

Lub tswv yim los siv cov noob caj noob ces plasmid DNA nyob rau hauv daim ntawv txhaj tshuaj los tiv thaiv lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob tau nyob rau hauv vogue rau ntau tshaj ob xyoo lawm. Nws biology tau nkag siab zoo tam sim no. Cov txiaj ntsig los ntawm ntau qhov kev tshawb fawb preclinical tau txhawb nqa. Tsis tas li ntawd, plaub qhov tshuaj tiv thaiv DNA tau raug tso cai tsis ntev los no rau kev siv tsiaj ⁽⁵⁾. Kev siv zog tau ua rau kev tswj hwm kev sib koom ua ke thoob plaws ntiaj teb thiab txhawb nqa cov lus qhia rau kev sim tshuaj tiv thaiv DNA los ntsuas nws txoj kev nyab xeeb thiab kev ua tau zoo ⁽⁶⁾.  

Raws li qhov xwm txheej tshwj xeeb tshaj tawm los ntawm tus kabmob kis thoob ntiaj teb thiab vim tias cov tshuaj tiv thaiv DNA plasmid tuaj yeem tsim nyob rau lub sijhawm luv luv, tau muaj kev ua ub ua no hauv thaj tsam ntawm kev tsim tshuaj tiv thaiv DNA.  

Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv DNA raws li muaj ntau yam zoo. Tsis zoo li cov tshuaj tiv thaiv qis lossis tsis ua haujlwm, cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tsis muaj sia nyob raws li plasmid DNA lossis mRNA tsis muaj teeb meem kev nyab xeeb cuam tshuam nrog cov tshuaj tiv thaiv muaj sia xws li kev pheej hmoo rov qab, tsis txhob txwm kis lossis ua yuam kev. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv DNA ua rau tsim cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob (humoral immunity). Nws kuj induces killer cytotoxic T lymphocytes muab cellular tiv thaiv ⁽⁵⁾.  

Piv nrog rau cov tshuaj tiv thaiv mRNA uas tsis ruaj khov thiab xav tau kev khaws cia ntawm qhov kub thiab txias, cov tshuaj tiv thaiv DNA muaj qhov zoo dua vim tias DNA muaj qhov ruaj khov thiab tuaj yeem khaws cia thiab muab faib rau ntawm 2-8 degree centigrade. Tab sis tsis zoo li cov tshuaj tiv thaiv mRNA uas tsis tuaj yeem rov ua dua hauv cov hlwb ⁽⁷⁾, cov tshuaj tiv thaiv DNA tuaj yeem theoretically replicate thiab koom nrog cov genome. Kev cuam tshuam ntev ntawm qhov ua tau no yuav tsis yooj yim rau kev paub hauv luv luv ntawm kev sim tshuaj.  

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References: 

1. Nishikawa T., Chang CY, et al 2021. Anti-CoVid19 plasmid DNA vaccine induces a potent immune response in rodents by Pyro-drive Jet Injector intradermal inoculation. Tshaj tawm Lub Ib Hlis 14, 2021. Preprint bioRxiv. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.01.13.426436  

2. Smith, TRF, Patel, A., Ramos, S. et al. Immunogenicity ntawm DNA tus neeg sib tw txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv rau COVID-19. Published : 20 May 202.Ntawm 11, 2601 (2020). DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-020-16505-0 

3. ClinicalTrial.gov 2021. Kev nyab xeeb, kev tiv thaiv kab mob, thiab kev ua tau zoo ntawm INO-4800 rau COVID-19 hauv cov neeg laus noj qab haus huv Seronegative uas muaj kev pheej hmoo siab ntawm SARS-CoV-2 raug. ID: NCT04642638. Muaj nyob online ntawm https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04642638?term=INO-4800&cond=Covid19&draw=2&rank=1 Tau txais los ntawm Lub Ib Hlis 15, 2021.  

4. ClinicalTrial.gov 2021. Tshawb nrhiav – plasmid DNA tshuaj tiv thaiv | Covid 19. Muaj nyob online ntawm  https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/results?cond=Covid19&term=plasmid+DNA+vaccine&cntry=&state=&city=&dist= Tau txais los ntawm Lub Ib Hlis 15, 2021.  

5. Kutzler, M., Weiner, D. DNA tshuaj tiv thaiv: npaj rau lub sijhawm tseem ceeb?. Nat Rev Genet 9, 776–788 (2008). DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/nrg2432  

6. Sheets, R., Kang, HN., Meyer, H. et al. WHO kev sib tham tsis raws cai ntawm cov lus qhia rau kev soj ntsuam ntawm qhov zoo, kev nyab xeeb, thiab kev ua tau zoo ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv DNA, Geneva, Switzerland, Kaum Ob Hlis 2019. Kev Sib Tham Tshaj Tawm. Published: 18 June 2020. npj Vaccines 5, 52 (2020). DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41541-020-0197-2  

7. Prasad U., 2020. COVID-19 mRNA Vaccine: Ib Qhov Tseem Ceeb hauv Kev Tshawb Fawb thiab Kev Hloov Pauv Hauv Tshuaj. Tshaj tawm rau 29 Lub Kaum Ob Hlis 2020. Kev Tshawb Fawb Tebchaws Europe. Muaj nyob rau https://www.scientificeuropean.co.uk/medicine/covid-19-mrna-vaccine-a-milestone-in-science-and-a-game-changer-in-medicine/ Tau txais los ntawm Lub Ib Hlis 15, 2021.    

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